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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44(02): 118-126
DOI: 10.15653/TPG-150947
Für Studium und Praxis
Schattauer GmbH

Indikatoren für Risiken bei Kühen in der Transitphase – eine Übersicht zu metabolischen Profilen

Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: English | deutsch
R. J. Van Saun
1   Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 31. Oktober 2015

Accepted after major revision: 08. März 2016

Publikationsdatum:
21. Dezember 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Erkrankungen von Milchkühen im peripartalen Zeitraum gelten als entscheidende Faktoren für eine Beeinträchtigung der Milchleistung und sind mittlerweile ein zentraler Aspekt der Herdendiagnostik. In den letzten 40 Jahren wurden anhand von Blutproben erstellte metabolische Profile zur Herdendiagnostik genutzt, wobei die Erfahrungen bezüglich der diagnostischen Wertigkeit differierten. Die Forschung führte zu umfangreichen Erkenntnissen darüber, wie physiologische Mechanismen bei der Kuh, das Management, die Umwelt sowie Interaktionen zwischen diesen Faktoren zur Entwicklung von Erkrankungen im peripartalen Zeitraum beitragen. Kühe mit hohem Risiko für eine erforderlich werdende Behandlung lassen sich anhand einer erhöhten Konzentration an β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB) (> 1,2 mmol/l) in den ersten 7–10 Tagen nach dem Kalben identifizieren. Ergeben Herdenkontrollen bei 15–20% der Frischabkalber in der ersten Woche post partum erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen, weist dies auf ein beträchtliches Krankheitsrisiko und Produktionsverluste hin. Auch eine erhöhte Serumkonzentration freier Fettsäuren (FFS) ist Hinweis für ein gesteigertes Krankheitsrisiko. In dieser Übersicht werden gesicherte (BHB, FFS) und weitere potenzielle Parameter erläutert, die sich, bei Untersuchung von Einzel- oder Poolproben, dazu eignen, das Risiko für Erkrankungen und den Ernährungszustand der Tiere einzuschätzen. Ihre Anwendung in Form metabolischer Profile zur Herdendiagnostik bei bestehenden Risiken oder im Rahmen der Herdenüberwachung wird dargestellt. Eine Poolprobe nach dem modifizierten „Compton Metabolic Profile“ ermöglicht die wirtschaftlichere Nutzung mehrerer Parameter, wenngleich diese Vorgehensweise die Interpreta - tion und die Anwendung in Abhängigkeit von der Herdengröße einschränken kann. Poolproben von fünf bis zehn Individuen repräsentieren genau das arithmetische Mittel aus den Werten der einzelnen Tiere. Von größter Bedeutung ist, dass die metabolischen Profile im Zusammenhang mit anderen diagnostischen Kennzahlen von Tier- und Betriebsanalysen, der Körperkonditionsbeurteilung und der Rationskontrolle genutzt werden. Nur so lässt sich ihr Wert im Rahmen der Herdenunter - suchung voll ausschöpfen.

Schlüsselwörter

Transitkuh - metabolisches Profil - Herdendiagnostik - Stoffwechselerkrankungen
 

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