Feline Panleukopenie – die wichtige Rolle von Antikörpern

Zusammenfassung

Die feline Panleukopenie zählt zu den wichtigsten Infektionskrankheiten der Katze. Jede Katze sollte zuverlässig vor Panleukopenie geschützt sein. Eine erfolgreiche Grundimmunisierung ist für die Ausbildung einer belastbaren Immunität essenziell. Panleukopenie tritt nach wie vor häufig auf und betrifft vor allem Katzenwelpen. Maternale Antikörper spielen eine wichtige Rolle für den Schutz der Welpen. Aufgrund ihres langen Fortbestehens, teilweise bis zur 20. Lebenswoche, können maternale Antikörper jedoch mit der Impfung interferieren und den Aufbau einer belastbaren Immunität verhindern. So kannes trotz Impfung zu Erkrankungen kommen. Bei adulten Katzen mit chronischer Krankheit oder Immunsuppression kann die Immunantwort nach einer Impfung reduziert sein. Etwa 30% aller adulten Katzen haben keine Antikörper. Die Bestimmung des Antikörpertiters bei Welpen ermöglicht die Berechnung des optimalen Zeitpunkts für eine erfolgreiche Grundimmunisierung. Bei adulten Tieren bietet die Titerbestimmung eine Alternative, um unnötige Impfungen zu vermeiden und ein individuelles Impfschema zu ermitteln. Nur Katzen ohne Antikörper sollten geimpft werden. Zur Bestimmung des Antikörpertiters steht für die Praxis ein leicht durchführbarer Schnelltest zur Verfügung.

Summary

Feline panleukopenia is an important infectious disease. Despite vaccination, panleukopenia remains common, particularly in young kittens. Development of active immunity after primary vaccination is essential for protection. Therefore, vaccination against panleukopenia is a core vaccine. Efficacy of primary vaccination can be reduced by maternally derived antibodies that can persist up to 20 weeks and interfere with the vaccination. In adult cats, antibody development after vaccination can be reduced during chronic disease or immunosuppression. Approximately 30% of adult cats lack antibodies. Evaluation of antibody titres in kittens enables calculation of the ideal time point to initiate primary vaccinations with the goal to establish effective immunity. In adult cats, evaluation of antibody titres is a useful alternative to avoid unnecessary vaccinations and to create an individual vaccination schedule. Only cats lacking antibodies should be vaccinated. Evaluation of antibodies in private practice can be performed using a rapid in-house test.

SchlüsselWörter

Katze - felines Parvovirus - Impfung - Schnelltest - Hämmagglutinations-hemmtest - ELISA - Titer

Keywords

Cat - feline parvovirus - vaccination - rapid in-house test - haemagglutination inhibition - ELISA - titre

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