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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2021; 79(06): 489-496
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0338
Article

Determinants of disability development in patients with multiple sclerosis

Determinantes do desenvolvimento de deficiência em pacientes com esclerose múltipla
Fatma Kara 
1   Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Trabzon, Turkey.
,
Mehmet Fatih Göl 
1   Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Trabzon, Turkey.
,
Cavit Boz 
1   Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system in young adults. Objective: To investigate demographic and clinical factors that are effective in the development of irreversible disability from the onset of MS, and to identify factors that affect the transformation from the relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) phase to the progressive MS (PMS) phase. Methods: Retrospective study on 741 patients who were diagnosed with RRMS and PMS according to the McDonald criteria, and were enrolled into the Turkish MS database of the Department of Neurology MS Polyclinic, at the Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, in Trabzon, Turkey. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the time taken to reach EDSS 4 and EDSS 6 from the onset of disease, and the time taken between EDSS 4 and EDSS 6. Results: Age of onset >40 years; having polysymptomatic-type onset, pyramidal or bladder-intestinal system-related first episode; ≥7 episodes in the first 5 years; and <2 years between the first two episodes were found to be effective for MS patients to reach EDSS 4 and EDSS 6. The demographic and clinical parameters that were effective for progression from EDSS 4 to EDSS 6 were: pyramidal or bladder-intestinal system-related first episode; 4‒6 episodes in the first 5 years; >2 years until start of first treatment; and smoking. Conclusions: Our findings reveal important characteristics of MS patients in our region. However, the associations between these parameters and MS pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.

RESUMO

Introdução: A esclerose múltipla (EM), uma das doenças neurológicas crônicas mais comuns, afeta o sistema nervoso central em jovens adultos. Objetivo: Investigar fatores demográficos e clínicos que são efetivos no desenvolvimento de deficiência irreversível, desde o início da EM, e identificar fatores que afetam a transformação da fase de EM recorrente-remitente (EMRR) para a fase de EM secundária progressiva (EMSP). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 741 pacientes que foram diagnosticados com EMRR e EMSP, de acordo com os critérios de McDonald, e inscritos no banco de dados turco MSBase, do Departamento de Neurologia da MS Polyclinic, da Universidade Técnica de Karadeniz, Turquia. Análise de Kaplan-Meier foi usada para avaliar o tempo para alcançar EDSS 4 e EDSS 6, desde o início da doença e o tempo entre EDSS 4 e EDSS 6. Resultados: Idade de início>40 anos, início do tipo polissintomático, primeiro ataque relacionado ao sistema piramidal ou bexiga-intestinal, ≥7 recaídas nos primeiros 5 anos e <2 anos entre os dois primeiros ataques foram considerados eficazes em pacientes com EM que atingiram EDSS 4 e EDSS 6. Parâmetros demográficos e clínicos que foram efetivos no progresso de EDSS 4 para EDSS 6: primeiro ataque relacionado ao sistema piramidal ou bexiga-intestinal, 4‒6 recaídas nos primeiros 5 anos, >2 anos até o início do primeiro tratamento e tabagismo. Conclusão: Estudo revelou características importantes dos pacientes com EM em nossa região. No entanto, as associações entre esses parâmetros e a fisiopatologia da EM ainda precisam ser elucidadas.

Keywords:

Multiple Sclerosis - Epidemiology - Therapy

Palavras-chave:

Esclerose Múltipla - Epidemiologia - Terapia

Authors’ contributions:

FK: performed data collection. MFG, FK: data analysis and interpretation. FK: primary author. CB: conceived the ideas. MFG, FK and CB: provided revisions to scientific consent of manuscript. MFG, FK and CB: principal investigators.




Publication History

Received: 15 July 2020

Accepted: 07 September 2020

Article published online:
04 July 2023

© 2021. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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