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DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0527
Correlation between Amerindian ancestry and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMSOD) among patients in Midwestern Brazil
Associação entre ancestralidade ameríndia e espectro da neuromielite óptica em pacientes do Centro-Oeste do Brasil
Abstract
Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is the second most frequently demyelinating, autoimmune, and inflammatory Central Nervous System (CNS) disease, and its prevalence varies greatly according to geography and ethnicity. Objective: To determine the prevalence and phenotype of NMOSD at a reference center for demyelinating diseases in Goiás State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, approved under CAAE number 8380.9317.9.0000.5078. All patients fulfilled the 2015 international consensus criteria. Results: Our study showed NMOSD as 9.37% of all demyelinating diseases registered in. It occurred predominantly in women (81%) and non-white individuals (83.4% had self-declared mixed skin color), and the median age at onset was 48 years. Amerindian ancestry was significantly higher (68.75%) than others. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) alone ≥3 vertebral segments (35%) and optic neuritis (ON) alone (35%) were the most common onset manifestations. The median length of time from disease beginning to study enrollment was 48 months. A relapsing course and moderate disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3.0-4.0) were most commonly observed. The worst neurological impairments, characterized by EDSS>4.5, occurred more frequently in males (44.5% among men versus 20.5% among women). The majority of the patients had been receiving immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine since the diagnosis of NMSOD: 77% (37) had a good therapeutic response. The prevalent outcome (84%) was permanent disability: 52% became physically handicapped; 54% had permanent visual impairment (25% with bilateral and 75% with unilateral amaurosis) and 30% had sphincter disability (82% with neurogenic bladder and 18% with ostomy).
Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of NMOSD in Goiás is 0.79/per 100,000 inhabitants. The predominant phenotype comprises women, non-whites, onset in the fourth decade of life, relapsing course, and permanent moderate disability. Our study was the first on the epidemiology of NMOSD in Goiás, where NMOSD predominantly correlates with Amerindian ancestry.
Resumo
Antecedentes: O espectro da neuromielite óptica (ENMO) é a segunda doença desmielinizante, autoimune e inflamatória do sistema nervoso central, cuja prevalência varia conforme região geográfica e etnia. Objetivo: Determinar prevalência e fenótipo de ENMO em um Centro de Referência no estado de Goiás. Métodos: Estudo transversal, registrado no Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética (CAAE) sob o n° 8380.9317.9.0000.5078. Todos os pacientes preencheram os critérios do Consenso Internacional. Resultados: O ENMO representou 9,37% do total de doenças desmielinizantes. Foi predominante em mulheres (81%) e não brancos (83,4% autodeclararam-se mestiços), e a média de idade no momento de estudo foi 48 anos. A ancestralidade ameríndia foi significativamente maior (68,75%) que as demais. Mielite transversa longitudinalmente extensa isolada ≥3 segmentos vertebrais (35%) e neurite óptica isolada (35%) foram as apresentações iniciais mais comuns. A média de tempo entre o surgimento da doença e momento do estudo foi 48 meses. Predominaram: curso recidivante e incapacidade moderada (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3,0–4,0). Sequelas neurológicas caracterizadas por EDSS>4,5 predominaram em homens (44,5% entre estes versus 20,5% entre mulheres). Maioria em tratamento com azatioprina desde o diagnóstico, representando 77% (37 casos) de boa resposta terapêutica. Predominaram (84%) sequelas permanentes: 52% deficiência física permanente, 54% deficiência visual permanente (25% amaurose bilateral e 75% unilateral), e 30% deficiência esfincteriana permanente (82% bexiga neurogênica e 18% ostomias). Conclusão: A prevalência estimada de ENMO em Goiás é de 0,79/100.000 habitantes. Predominou o fenótipo mulheres, não brancos, no início na quarta década de vida, com curso recidivante, incapacidade permanente e moderada. Nosso estudo foi o primeiro em Goiás sobre a prevalência de ENMO e descobrimos que neste estado o ENMO predomina em pacientes com ancestralidade ameríndia (descendentes de nativos americanos).
Authors’ contributions:
All authors cooperated in all stages of the manuscript.
Publication History
Received: 17 December 2020
Accepted: 24 February 2021
Article published online:
06 February 2023
© 2022. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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