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DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2022-S111
Vestibular migraine
Migrânea vestibularABSTRACT
Vestibular migraine (VM) remains an underdiagnosed condition, often mistaken with brainstem aura. VM is defined by recurrent vestibular symptoms in at least 50% of migraine attacks. Diagnosis is established by clinical criteria based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Estimated prevalence of VM is 1 to 2.7% of the adult population. Vestibular symptoms usually appear after the headache. VM pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Vertigo may occur before, during, after the migraine attack, or even independently, and may last seconds to hours or days. Pathophysiological mechanisms for VM are still poorly understood and are usually extrapolated from migraines. Differential diagnoses include Ménière's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, brainstem aura, transient ischemic attack, persistent perceptual postural vertigo, and episodic type 2 ataxia. Specific treatment recommendations for vestibular migraine are still scarce.
RESUMO
Migrânea vestibular (MV) é pouco diagnosticada e comumente confundida com aura de tronco. A MV, definida por sintomas vestibulares recorrentes em até 50% das crises de migrânea. O diagnóstico baseia-se em critérios clínicos, descritos no International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Estima-se prevalência de MV em 1 a 2.7% da população adulta. Sintomas vestibulares geralmente ocorrem mais tardiamente comparados à cefaleia. A vertigem pode surgir antes, durante, depois, ou mesmo independentemente da crise de enxaqueca, com duração de segundos a horas ou dias. Pouco se conhece acerca da fisiopatologia da MV, que é geralmente extrapolada dos conhecimentos sobre migrânea. Diagnósticos diferenciais incluem: Doença de Ménière, Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna, aura de tronco, ataque isquêmico transitório, vertigem postural perceptual persistente e ataxia episódica tipo 2. Especialistas recomendam o mesmo tratamento que para enxaqueca. Estudos sobre o tratamento específico da migrânea vestibular ainda são escassos.
Authors’ contributions:
VPRS: was responsible for the bibliographic survey and preliminary version of the article; LHMC, MC: were also responsible for the bibliographic survey and final review of the article
Publication History
Received: 15 March 2022
Accepted: 29 April 2022
Article published online:
06 February 2023
© 2022. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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