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DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2022-S126
How I treat Parkinson's disease
Como eu trato a doença de ParkinsonABSTRACT
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition. Treatment strategies through all stages of disease progression could affect quality of life and influence the development of future complications, making it crucial for the clinician to be on top of the literature. Objective: This paper reviews the current treatment of PD, from early to advanced stages. Methods: A literature review was conducted focusing on the treatment of PD, in the different stages of progression. Results: Every individual with a new diagnosis of PD should be encouraged to start exercising regularly. In the early stage, treatment should focus on using the lowest dose of levodopa or combination therapy that provides maximum functional capacity, and does not increase the risk of complications, such as peak dose dyskinesias and impulse control disorders. At the moderate and advanced stages, motor fluctuations and complications of treatment dominate the picture, making quality of life one important issue. Rehabilitation programs can improve motor symptoms and should be offered to all patients at any stage of disease progression. Conclusion: Many factors need to be considered when deciding on the best treatment strategy for PD, such as disease progression, presence of risk factors for motor and behavioral complications, potential side effects from dopaminergic therapy and phenotypical variabilities. Treatment should focus on functional capacity and quality of life throughout the whole disease course.
RESUMO
Antecedentes: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa complexa. As estratégias de tratamento ao longo de todos os estágios da evolução podem influenciar a qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento de futuras complicações e, portanto, devem ser devidamente conhecidas pelos médicos que assistem o paciente. Objetivo: Neste artigo são revistos os tratamentos atuais para a DP, desde o estágio inicial até os estágios avançados. Métodos: Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada com enfoque em diferentes estágios da doença. Resultados: Todos os pacientes que recebem o diagnóstico de DP devem ser orientados a praticar atividades físicas regularmente. Em fase inicial do tratamento a estratégia consiste em usar doses mínimas de levodopa ou terapias combinadas que propiciem máxima capacidade funcional, que não aumentem o risco de complicações motoras, tais como discinesias induzidas por levodopa, ou não motoras, como transtornos do controle do impulso. Em estágio moderado ou avançado da doença, complicações como flutuações motoras e discinesias tornam-se relevantes e devem ser manejadas adequadamente. Programas de reabilitação devem ser oferecidos para os pacientes em todos os estágios da DP. Conclusões: Vários fatores devem ser considerados ao se escolher a melhor estratégia para o tratamento da DP. Entre eles destacam-se: fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações motoras e comportamentais, potenciais efeitos colaterais da terapia dopaminérgica e variabilidade fenotípica. O objetivo das estratégias de tratamento ao longo de toda a evolução da doença é a melhoria da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Authors’ contributions:
ERB: conception and organization of the manuscript and writing the topic Introduction; JCPL: writing the topic Management of Early PD, conception and reviewing the manuscript; HFC: writing the topic Parkinson Disease Rehabilitation and reviewing the manuscript; PMB: writing the topics Treatment of Advanced Parkinson’s disease and the abstract; MRCT: writing the topic An Algorithm for the Treatment of Motor Symptoms of PD and Recent Guidelines for the Treatment of Parkinson’s, conception of the figure 1 disease and organization of the references.
Publication History
Received: 21 March 2022
Accepted: 29 April 2022
Article published online:
06 February 2023
© 2022. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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