NeuroCOVID-19: a critical review

ABSTRACT

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged neurologists since its early days. Neurology consultation services were then overloaded by emergency department and intensive-care patients with acute neurological syndromes. These complications are better explained today, but the growing number of patients with reported longstanding neurological symptoms constitute an emerging, complex, and still poorly understood phenomenon. Objective: This review summarizes data on relevant neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and lasting post-infectious disease, also known as Long COVID. The complex history of Long COVID is examined to illustrate the upsides and challenges imposed by the active participation of patient communities in the production of medical knowledge. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with encephalopathy/delirium, cerebrovascular disease, headache, and peripheral nervous system involvement. Long COVID is a living concept jointly defined by patient communities, physicians and scientists, including neurologists. Conclusion:  Co-production of Long COVID knowledge between scientists and patients has initiated an era of patient-led research and evidence-based activism that acts as a two-edged sword - putting patient’s suffering in the spotlight, but with a tradeoff in methodological consistency.

RESUMO

Antecedentes: A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe desafios aos neurologistas desde seus primeiros dias. Os serviços de interconsulta neurológica foram inicialmente sobrecarregados pelo volume de atendimentos a síndromes neurológicas agudas em departamentos de emergência e unidades de terapia intensiva. Essas complicações são bem conhecidas hoje, mas o verdadeiro desafio está no número crescente de pacientes com sintomas atribuídos a “Long COVID”/COVID Longa, um problema novo, complexo e ainda pouco compreendido. Objetivo: Esta revisão resume literatura sobre manifestações neurológicas da infecção aguda por SARS-CoV-2 e COVID longa. A complexa história de COVID longa é examinada para ilustrar os ganhos e as dificuldades impostos pela participação ativa das comunidades de pacientes na produção de conhecimento médico. Métodos: Revisão narrativa. Resultados: A infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 está associada a encefalopatia/delirium, doença cerebrovascular, cefaléia e neuropatias periféricas. COVID Longa é um conceito ainda plástico, definido em conjunto por comunidades de pacientes, médicos e cientistas, incluindo neurologistas. Conclusão: A co-produção do conhecimento sobre COVID longa, unindo cientistas, médicos (incluindo neurologistas), e pacientes, iniciou uma nova era de pesquisa conduzida por pacientes e “ativismo baseado em evidências”. Este atua como uma faca de dois gumes, alinhando os rumos da pesquisa às demandas e sofrimentos dos pacientes, ao custo de problemas metodológicos.

Keyword:

COVID-19 - Cognitive Dysfunction - Patient Participation - Social Media

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19 - Disfunção Cognitiva - Participação do Paciente - Mídias Sociais

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 04. April 2022

Angenommen: 29. April 2022

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
06. Februar 2023

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