Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia

ABSTRACT

Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD).

Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15.

Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements.

Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.

RESUMEN

Objetivo La Dislexia es la dificultad en niños de aprender a leer y escribir como resultado de una deficiencia neurológica. Nuestro objetivo fue probar la Conciencia fonológica (CF) y la Modulación sinusoidal de la amplitud (MSA) en niños con Dislexia fonológica (DF).

Métodos Realizamos un estudio analítico, transversal, de casos y controles. Estudiamos la CF y la MSA en 14 niños con DF y 14 controles de 7–11 años. La edad media de los niños con DF fue de 8.39 años y de los controles fue 8.15.

Resultados Los niños con DF presentaron deficiencias en CF y en MSA. Encontramos correlaciones entre CF y MSA en la frecuencia de 4 Hertzios (Hz), calculamos ecuaciones de regresión que predijeron de un cuarto a un tercio de la varianza de las mediciones.

Conclusión Las deficiencias en CF y en MSA pueden ayudar a comprender las alteraciones en el procesamiento del lenguaje presentadas por los niños con DF.

dyslexia - phonologic dyslexia - phonologic awareness - sinusoidal amplitude modulation

dislexia - dislexia fonológica - conciencia fonológica - modulación sinusoidal de la amplitud

• References

• 1 Gersons-Wolfensberger DCM, Ruijssenaars WAJJM. Definition and treatment of dyslexia: A report by the Committee on Dyslexia of the Health Council of The Netherlands. J Learn Disabil. 1997;30(2):209-13. doi:10.1177/002221949703000208
• 2 Peñaloza-López YR, Poblano A, García-Pedroza F. Central auditory processing alterations in phonological dislexia. In: Costa A, Villalba E, editores. Horizons in neuroscience research. New York: Nova Science; 2013. p. 123-34.
• 3 Tanaka H, Black JM, Hulme C, Stanley LM, Kesler SR, Whitfield-Gabrieli S et al. The brain basis of the phonological deficit in dyslexia is independent of IQ. Psychol Sci. 2011;22(11):1442-51. doi:10.1177/0956797611419521
• 4 O’Brien BA, Wolf M, Lovett MW. A taxometric investigation of developmental dyslexia subtypes. Dyslexia. 2012;18(1):16-39. doi:10.1002/dys.1431
• 5 Thatcher Kantor P, Wagner RK, Torgesen JK, Rashotte CA. Comparing two forms of dynamic assessment and traditional assessment of preschool phonological awareness. J Learn Disabil. 2011;44(4):313-21. doi:10.1177/0022219411407861
• 6 Melby-Lervåg M, Lyster SA, Hulme C. Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(2):322-52. doi:10.1037/a0026744
• 7 Wakefield GH, Viemeister NF. Discrimination of modulation depth of sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990;88(3):1367-73. doi:10.1121/1.399714
• 8 Banai K, Sabin AT, Wright BA. Separable developmental trajectories for the abilities to detect auditory amplitude and frequency modulation. Hear Res. 2011;280(1-2):219-27. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.05.019
• 9 Poblano A, Valadez-Tepec T, Arias ML, García-Pedroza F. Phonological and visuo-spatial working memory alterations in dyslexic children. Arch Med Res. 2000;31(5):493-6. doi:10.1016/S0188-4409(00)00096-5
• 10 Olivares-García MR, Peñaloza-López YR, García-Pedroza F, Pérez-Ruiz SJ, Uribe-Escamilla R, Jiménez-de-la-Sancha S. Identification of auditory laterality by means of a new dichotic digit test in Spanish, and body laterality and spatial orientation in children with dyslexia and in controls. Rev Neurol. 2005;41(4):198-205. Spanish.
• 11 Peñaloza-López YR, Olivares García MR, Jiménez de la Sancha S, García Pedroza F, Pérez Ruiz SJ. [Assessment of central auditory processes in Spanish in children with dyslexia and controls: binaural fusion test and filtered word test]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Espñola. 2009;60(6):415-21. Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.otorri.2009.06.002
• 12 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders. DSM-IV-R. Barcelona: Masson; 2002. [Spanish].
• 13 Uppstad PH, Tønnessen FE. The notion of “phonology” in dyslexia research: cognitivism-and beyond. Dyslexia. 2007;13(3):154-74. doi:10.1002/dys.332
• 14 Ostrosky-Solis F, Gomez-Perez ME, Matute E, Rosselli M, Ardila A, Pineda D. Neuropsi Attention and Memory: a neuropsychological test battery in Spanish with norms by age and educational level. Appl Neuropsychol. 2007;14(3):156-70. doi:10.1080/09084280701508655
• 15 Rosselli M, Ardila A, Navarrete MG, Matute E. Performance of Spanish/English bilingual children on a spanish-language neuropsychological battery: preliminary normative data. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2010;25(3):218-35. doi:10.1093/arclin/acq012
• 16 Sattler JM, Kuncik TM. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pattern of WISC scores as variables that affect psychologists’ estimates of “effective intelligence”. J Clin Psychol. 1976;32(2):362-6. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197604)32:2<362::AID-JCLP2270320233>3.0.CO;2-U
• 17 Fernández T, Tuset AM. Bender performance and socioeconomic status in Mexican children: a cross-cultural study. Percept Mot Skills. 2007;105(3):906-14. doi:10.2466/pms.105.3.906-914
• 18 Vélez van Meerbeke A, Sandoval-Garcia C, Ibáñez M, Talero-Gutiérrez C, Fiallo D, Halliday K. Validation study of human figure drawing test in a Colombian school children population. Span J Psychol. 2011;14(1):464-77. doi:10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.42
• 19 Levitt H. Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. J Acoust Soc Am. 1970;49(2):467-477. doi:10.1121/1.1912375
• 20 Brooks AD, Berninger VW, Abbott RD. Letter naming and letter writing reversals in children with dyslexia: momentary inefficiency in the orthographic and phonological loop in working memory. Dev Neuropsychol. 2011;36(7):847-68. doi:10.1080/87565641.2011.6064
• 21 Lorenzi C, Dumont A, Füllgrabe C. Use of temporal envelope cues by children with developmental dyslexia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000;43(6):1367-79. doi:10.1044/jslhr.4306.1367
• 22 Rocheron I, Lorenzi C, Füllgrabe C, Dumont A. Temporal envelope perception in dyslexic children. Neuroreport. 2002;13(13):1683-7. doi:10.1097/00001756-200209160-00023
• 23 Poelmans H, Luts H, Vandermosten M, Boets, Ghesquiere P, Wouters J. Reduced sensitivity to slow-rate dynamic auditory information in children with dyslexia. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(6):2810-9. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.025
• 24 Poelmans H, Luts H, Vandermosten M, Boets B, Ghesquière P, Wouters J. Auditory steady state cortical responses indicate deviant phonemic-rate processing in adults with dyslexia. Ear Hear. 2012;33(1):134-43. doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31822c26b9
• 25 Law JM, Vandermosten M, Ghesquiere P, Wouters J. The relationship of phonological ability, speech perception, and auditory perception in adults with dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:482. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00482
• 26 Flaugnacco E, Lopez L, Terribili C, Zoia S, Buda S, Tilli S et al. Rhythm perception and production predict reading abilities in developmental dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:392. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00392
• 27 Pellegrino F, Coupé C, Marisco E. A cross language perspective on speech informant rate. Language. 2011;87(3):539-58. doi:10.1353/lan.2011.0057
• 28 Ghitza O, Greenberg S. On the possible role of brain rhythms in speech perception: intelligibility of time-compressed speech with periodic and aperiodic insertions of silence. Phonetica. 2009;66(1-2):13-126. doi:10.1159/000208934