Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20160059
Cortisol, DHEA, and depression in the elderly: the influence of physical capacity
Cortisol, DHEA e a depressão no idoso: a influência da capacidade físicaABSTRACT
Objective Major depression have been associated with cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) changes in old depressed patients. We examined the association between depression, cortisol, and DHEA, correcting for confounding variables, including physical capacity. In addition, the association between hormone levels and physical capacity in these two experimental groups was also analyzed.
Method Depressed patients (n = 32) and healthy control (n = 31) old adults, both matched for age, were analyzed. Subjects were submitted to a physical capacity evaluation, including physical activity levels, functional fitness test, and balance scale.
Results Depressed patients showed significant lower levels of cortisol than controls, which became non-significant after controlling for physical capacity. A positive correlation was observed between cortisol levels and physical capacity.
Conclusions The data suggest that physical capacity modulates the relationship between depression and cortisol levels and needs to be taken into consideration in the future investigations.
RESUMO
Objetivo A depressão maior tem sido associada a alterações nos níveis de cortisol e dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) em pacientes idosos depressivos. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre depressão, cortisol e DHEA, corrigindo por variáveis intervenientes, incluindo a capacidade física. Além disso, a associação entre os níveis hormonais e a capacidade física nos dois grupos experimentais também foi analisada.
Método Pacientes idosos depressivos (n = 32) e idosos controles saudáveis (n = 31), pareados pela idade foram analisados. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a uma avaliação da capacidade física, incluindo níveis de atividade física, testes de capacidade funcional e escalas de equilíbrio.
Resultados Os pacientes depressivos mostraram níveis significativamente menores de cortisol, os quais tornaram-se não significantes após controlados pela capacidade física. Uma correlação positiva foi observada entre os níveis de cortisol e a capacidade física. Resultados não significativos foram observados para DHEA, possivelmente devido a inclusão de pacientes depressivos e uma única coleta de amostra.
Conclusão Os dados sugerem que a capacidade física modula a relação entre depressão e os níveis de cortisol e deve ser considerada em futuras investigações.
Support:
Support: Helena Moraes (E-26/100.274/2013), Andrea Deslandes (E-26/102.174/2013), and Jerson Laks (E-26/112.631/2012) have received grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (E-26/201.282/2014).
Publication History
Received: 24 September 2015
Accepted: 31 March 2016
Article published online:
06 September 2023
© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
-
References
- 1 Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Patten SB, Freedman G, Murray CJL et al. Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS Med. 2013;10(11):e1001547. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547
- 2 Swaab DF, Bao AM, Lucassen PJ. The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev. 2005;4(2):141-94. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.003
- 3 Eser D, Schüle C, Baghai TC, Romeo E, Uzunov DP, Rupprecht R. Neuroactive steroids and affective disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006;84(4):656-66. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.05.020
- 4 Maninger N, Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Epel ES, Synthia H. Neurobiological and neuropsychiatric effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS).. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2010;30(1):65-91. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.11.002
- 5 Bauer ME. Stress, glucocorticoids and ageing of the immune system. Stress. 2005;8(1):69-83. doi:10.1080/10253890500100240
- 6 Ferrari E, Cravello I, Muzzoni B, Casarotti D, Paltro M, Solerte SB et al. Age-related changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: pathophysiological correlates. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144(4):319-29. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1440319
- 7 Murri MB, Pariante C, Mondelli V, Masotti M, Atti AR, Mellacqua Z et al. HPA axis and aging in depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;41:46-62. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.004
- 8 Stella F, Gobbi S, Corazza DI, Luiz J, Costa R. Depressão no idoso: diagnóstico, tratamento e benefícios da atividade física. Motriz. 2002;8(3):91-8.
- 9 Bremmer MA, Deeg DJH, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH, Lips P, Hoogendijk WJG. Major depression in late life is associated with both hypo- and hypercortisolemia. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62(5):479-86. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.033
- 10 Vreeburg SA, Hoogendijk WJG, Pelt J, Derijk RH, Verhagen JCM, Dyck R et al. Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: results from a large cohort study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(6):617-26. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.033
- 11 Peeters GMEE, van Schoor NM, Visser M, Knol DL, Eekhoff EMW, de Ronde W, et al. Relationship between cortisol and physical performance in older persons. Clin Endocrinol. 2007;67(3):398-406. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02900.x
- 12 Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Antón A, Garrues M, Ibañez J, Ruesta M, et al. Maximal strength and power, endurance performance, and serum hormones in middle-aged and elderly men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(9):1577-87. doi:10.1097/00005768-200109000-00022
- 13 Heaney JLJ, Phillips AC, Carroll D. Ageing, physical function, and the diurnal rhythms of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(3):341-9. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.001
- 14 Cadore E, Lhullier F, Pinto R, Albertons C, Pinto S, Tartaruga M et al. Correlations between serum hormones, strength and endurance in healthy elderly South-American men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(3):255-60.
- 15 Holanda CMDA, Guerra RO, Nóbrega PVDN, Costa HF, Piuvezam MR, Maciel ACC. Salivary cortisol and frailty syndrome in elderly residents of long-stay institutions: a cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(2):e146-51. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.11.006
- 16 Carvalhaes-Neto N, Huayllas MK, Ramos LR, Cendoroglo MS, Kater CE. Cortisol, DHEAS and aging: resistance to cortisol suppression in frail institutionalized elderly. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(1):17-22. doi:10.1007/BF03345117
- 17 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
- 18 Moreno R, Moreno D. Escalas de depressao de Montgomery & Asberg (MADRS) e de Hamilton (HAM-D). Rev Psiquaitr Clin. 1998;25(5):262-72.
- 19 Bertolucci PHF, Brucki SMD, Campacci SR, Juliano Y. O mini-exame do estado mental em uma população geral: impacto da escolaridade. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1994;52(1):1-7. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1994000100001
- 20 Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
- 21 Rikli RE, Jones CJ. Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. Gerontologist. 2013;53(2):255-67. doi:10.1093/geront/gns071
- 22 Miyamoto ST, Lombardi Junior I. Brazilian version of the Berg balance scale. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004;37(9):1411-21. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2004000900017
- 23 Hopkins WG. A new view of statistic. In: Internet Society for Sport Science. 2000 [cited 2014 March 15]. Available from: http://sportsci.org/resource/stats
- 24 Morrison MF, Redei E, TenHave T, Parmelee P, Boyce A, Sinha PS et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and psychiatric measures in a frail, elderly residential care population. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(2):144-50. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00099-2
- 25 Michael A, Jenaway A, Paykel ES, Herbert J. Altered salivary dehydroepiandrosterone levels in major depression in adults. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48(10):989-95. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00955-0
- 26 Gardner MP, Lightman S, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Cooper R, Deeg D et al. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and physical performance at older ages: an individual participant meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(1):40-9. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.016