Presence or absence of cognitive complaints in Parkinson’s disease: mood disorder or anosognosia?

Pollyanna Celso F Castro; Camila Catherine Aquino; André C. Felício; Flávia Doná; Leonardo M. I. Medeiros; Sçnia M. C.A Silva; Henrique Ballalai Ferraz; Paulo Henrique F Bertolucci; Vanderci Borges

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20160060

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2016; 74(06): 439-444
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20160060

ARTICLE

Presence or absence of cognitive complaints in Parkinson’s disease: mood disorder or anosognosia?

Presença ou ausência de queixas cognitivas na doença de Parkinson: transtorno de humor ou anosognosia?

Authors

Pollyanna Celso F Castro

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

²Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Camila Catherine Aquino

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

²Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
André C. Felício

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

²Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Flávia Doná

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

⁴Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo, Programa de Mestrado em Reabilitação do Equilíbrio Corporal e Inclusão Social, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
Leonardo M. I. Medeiros

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Sçnia M. C.A Silva

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Henrique Ballalai Ferraz

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Paulo Henrique F Bertolucci

²Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

³Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, São Paulo SP, Brasil;
Vanderci Borges

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Transtornos do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

Abstract

ABSTRACT

We intended to evaluate whether non-demented Parkinsons’s disease (PD) patients, with or without subjective cognitive complaint, demonstrate differences between them and in comparison to controls concerning cognitive performance and mood. We evaluated 77 subjects between 30 and 70 years, divided as follows: PD without cognitive complaints (n = 31), PD with cognitive complaints (n = 21) and controls (n = 25). We applied the following tests: SCOPA-Cog, Trail Making Test-B, Phonemic Fluency, Clock Drawing Test, Boston Naming Test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Beck Depression Inventory. PD without complaints presented lower total score on Scales for outcome of Parkinson’s disease-cognition as compared to controls (p = 0.048). PD with complaints group showed higher scores on HADS (p = 0.011). PD without complaints group showed poorer cognitive performance compared to controls, but was similar to the PD with complaints group. Moreover, this group was different from the PD without complaints and control groups concerning mood.

RESUMO

Avaliar se pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) sem demência, com ou sem queixa cognitiva subjetiva, demonstram diferenças entre eles e comparativamente aos controles relativos a desempenho cognitivo e humor. Avaliados 77 indivíduos entre 30 e 70 anos: PD sem queixas cognitivas (n = 31), PD com queixas cognitivas (n = 21) e controles (n = 25). Testes aplicados: SCOPA-cognição, Trail Making Test-B, Fluência Fonêmica, Teste do Relógio, Teste Nominativo de Boston, Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico, Escala Hospitalar de Depressão e Ansiedade (HADS)e Inventário de Depressão de Beck. PD sem queixas apresentaram menor pontuação total na SCOPA-cognição, comparativamente aos controles (p = 0,048). Por outro lado, PD com queixas apresentaram maior pontuação no HADS (p = 0,011) em comparação aos controles. O grupo PD sem queixas mostrou pior desempenho cognitivo em comparação aos controles, mas foi semelhante ao PD com queixas. Este grupo foi diferente dos grupos PD sem queixas e controle em relação ao humor.

Parkinson disease - cognition - dementia - depression - anxiety

doença de Parkinson - cognição - demência - depressão - ansiedade

Full Text

References

References
1 Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(3):235-45. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70373-8
2 Levy G, Tang MX, Louis ED, Coté LJ, Alfaro B, Mejia H et al. The association of incident dementia with mortality in PD. Neurology. 2002;59(11):1708-13. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000036610.36834.E0
3 Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord. 2008;23(6):837-44. doi:10.1002/mds.21956
4 Watson GS, Leverenz JB. Profile of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Pathol. 2010;20(3):640-5. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00373.x
5 Jellinger KA. Post mortem studies in Parkinson’s disease: is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms? J Neural Transm Suppl. 1999;56:1-29. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6360-3_1
6 Tan EK, Skipper LM. Pathogenic mutations in Parkinson’s disease. Hum Mutat. 2007;28(7):641-53. doi:10.1002/humu.20507
7 Mattay VS, Tessitore A, Callicott JH, Bertolino A, Goldberg TE, Chase TN et al. Dopaminergic modulation of cortical function in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2002;51(2):156-64. doi:10.1002/ana.10078
8 Lewis SJ, Foltynie T, Blackwell AD, Robbins TW, Owen AM, Barker RA. Heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease in the early clinical stages using a data driven approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(3):343-8. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.033530
9 Burn DJ, McKeith IG. Current treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies and dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2003;18(Suppl 6:)S72-9. doi:10.1002/mds.10566
10 Dujardin K, Duhamel A, Delliaux M, Thomas-Antérion C, Destée A, Defebvre L. Cognitive complaints in Parkinson’s disease: its relationship with objective cognitive decline. J Neurol. 2010;257(1):79-84. doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5268-2
11 Hong JY, Lee JE, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Neurocognitive and atrophic patterns in Parkinson’s disease based on subjective memory complaints. J Neurol. 2012;259(8):1706-12. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6404-3
12 Marino SE, Meador KJ, Loring DW, Okun MS, Fernandez HH, Fessler AJ et al. Subjective perception of cognition is related to mood and not performance. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;14(3):459-64. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.12.007
13 Hughes AJ, Ben-Shlomo Y, Daniel SE, Lees AJ. What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson’s disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology. 1992;42(6):1142-6. doi:10.1212/WNL.42.6.1142
14 Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, Stebbins GT, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord. 2008;23(15):2129-70. doi:10.1002/mds.22340
15 Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 1967;17(5):427-42. doi:10.1212/WNL.17.5.427
16 Schwab RS, England AC. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson’s disease. In: Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, editors. Third symposium on Parkinson’s disease. 20-22 May 1968; Edinburgh. Edomburgh: E and S Livingstone; 1969. p. 152-7.
17 Marinus J, Visser M, Verwey NA, Verhey FR, Middelkoop HA, Stiggelbout AM et al. Assessment of cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2003;61(9):1222-8. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000091864.39702.1C
18 Carod-Artal FJ, Martínez-Martin P, Kummer W, Ribeiro LS. Psychometric attributes of the SCOPA-COG Brazilian version. Mov Disord. 2008;23(1):81-7. doi:10.1002/mds.21769
19 Bertolucci PHF AR, Wajman, JR. Brazilian Portuguese version for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the preliminary results. In: 11th International Conference on Alzheimer`s Disease (ICAD); 2008; Chicago: Alzheimer’s & Dementia; 2008. p.62.
20 Goodglass HKE, Barresi B. The Boston diagnostic aphasia examination. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams Wilkins; 2001.
21 Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44(12):2308-14. doi:10.1212/WNL.44.12.2308
22 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361-70. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
23 Ih O. Aspectos cognitivos da doença de Alzheimer no teste do relógio: avaliação de amostra da população brasileira (tese de doutorado). São Paulo: Escola Paulista de Medicina; 2001.
24 Gill DJ, Freshman A, Blender JA, Ravina B. The Montreal cognitive assessment as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23(7):1043-6. doi:10.1002/mds.22017
25 Gorestein C AL. Inventário de depressão de Back: propriedades psicométricas da versão em português. Rev Psiq Clin. 1998;25(5):245-50.
26 Seltzer B, Vasterling JJ, Mathias CW, Brennan A. Clinical and neuropsychological correlates of impaired awareness of deficits in Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease: a comparative study. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2001;14(2):122-9.
27 Rosen HJ. Anosognosia in neurodegenerative disease. Neurocase. 2011;17(3):231-41. doi:10.1080/13554794.2010.522588
28 Leritz E, Loftis C, Crucian G, Friedman W, Bowers D. Self-awareness of deficits in Parkinson disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;18(3):352-61. doi:10.1080/1385404049052412
29 Henry JD, Crawford JR. Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004;10(4):608-22. doi:10.1017/S1355617704104141
30 Sitek EJ, Sołtan W, Wieczorek D, Robowski P, Sławek J. Self-awareness of memory function in Parkinson’s disease in relation to mood and symptom severity. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15(2):150-6. doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.508773