Subscribe to RSS

DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20160128
Olfactory alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis
Alterações de olfato em portadores de esclerose múltipla
ABSTRACT
This cross-sectional study involves 100 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 100 non-MS patients, under the age of 60 years old, with nasal obstruction, traumatic brain injury, previous rhinoplasty or neurosurgery, and so forth.
Objective To assess olfactory function using the Connecticut test and verify correlations between olfactory alteration, disease duration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
Methods One hundred MS patients and 100 healthy control patients responded to a questionnaire. Those with olfactory alteration underwent a facial CT to exclude other causes.
Results Thirty-two percent of patients showed alterations, compared with 3% in the healthy control group. Patients having EDSS above 4, showed a 5.2-times increased risk of dysfunction. Patients over 38 years of age have a 2.2-times increased risk over younger patients.
Conclusions Because MS patients are likely to experience olfactory alterations, this study is a useful tool in follow-up care, although more studies are necessary to evaluate the correlations in MS evolution.
RESUMO
Estudo transversal em que pacientes portadores de esclerose múltipla (EM) do ambulatório do CATEM e controles saudáveis foram submetidos a avaliação de função olfativa.
Objetivo Avaliar a função olfativa através do teste de Connecticut (CCCRC) em pacientes com EM e verificar possível correlação entre a alteração de olfato com o tempo de doença e o Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
Métodos No total, 100 pacientes com EM e 100 pacientes controles participaram do estudo. Aqueles que apresentaram alteração de olfato realizaram TC de face para excluir outras possíveis causas para a alteração olfativa.
Resultados 32% apresentaram alterações do olfato, enquanto apenas 3% dos controles apresentaram semelhante alteração. Obtendo-se uma correlação entre o EDSS e alteração olfatória para pacientes com EDSS acima de 4. Pacientes com mais de 38 anos apresentam 2,2 vezes mais risco de ter alterações no olfato.
Conclusões Neste estudo observou-se que a alteração olfativa está presente nos pacientes portadores de EM e essa alteração pode ser uma ferramenta útil no acompanhamento desses pacientes.
Publication History
Received: 11 January 2016
Accepted: 31 May 2016
Article published online:
06 September 2023
© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
-
References
- 1 Gold R, Wolinsky JS. Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of teriflunomide. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124(2):75-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01444.x
- 2 Lassmann H. Axonal and neuronal pathology in multiple sclerosis: what have we learnt from animal models. Exp Neurol. 2010;225(1):2-8. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.009
- 3 Starzewski Junior A, Guilherme A, Augusto LBS. Distúrbios do olfato. Rev Bras Med. 2008;3:78-84.
- 4 Deems DA, Doty RL, Settle RG, Moore-Gillon V, Shaman P, Mester AF et al. Smell and taste disorders: a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;117(5):519-28. doi:10.1001/archotol.1991.01870170065015
- 5 Barresi M, Ciurleo R, Giacoppo S, Foti Cuzzola V, Celi D, Bramanti P et al. Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2012;323(1-2):16-24. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.028
- 6 Silva AM, Santos E, Moreira I, Bettencourt A, Coutinho E, Gonçalves A et al. Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: association with secondary progression. Mult Scler. 2011;18(5):616-21. doi:10.1177/1352458511427156
- 7 Caminiti F, De Salvo S, De Cola MC, Russo M, Bramanti P, Marino S et al. Detection of olfactory dysfunction using olfactory event related potentials in young patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e103151. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103151
- 8 Hawkes CH, Shephard BC. Olfactory evoked responses and identification tests in neurological disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855 1 OLFACTION AND:608-15. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10631.x
- 9 Zivadinov R, Zorzon M, Monti Bragadin L, Pagliaro G, Cazzato G. Olfactory loss in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 1999;168(2):127-30. doi:10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00189-6
- 10 Doty RL, Li C, Mannon LJ, Yousem DM. Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Relation to plaque load in inferior frontal and temporal lobes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855 1 OLFACTION AND:781-6. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10658.x
- 11 Luterotti A, Vedovello M, Reindl M, Ehling R, DiPauli F, Kuenz B et al. Olfactory threshold is impaired in early, active multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011;17(8):964-9. doi:10.1177/1352458511399798
- 12 Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):292-302. doi:10.1002/ana.22366
- 13 Palheta Neto FX, Targino MN, Peixoto VS, Alcântara FB, Jesus CC, Araújo DC et al. Anormalidades sensoriais: olfato e paladar. Arq Int Otorrinolaringol. 2011;15(3):350-8 . doi:10.1590/S1809-48722011000300014
- 14 Altmann EBC, Khoury RBF, Ramos ALNF. Avaliação fonoaudiológica. In: Altmann EBC. Fissuras labiopalatinas. 4a ed. Carapicuiba: Pró-Fono; 1997. p. 325-66.
- 15 Cain WS, Gent JF, Goodspeed RB, Leonard G. Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center. Laryngoscope. 1988;98(1):83-8. doi:10.1288/00005537-198801000-00017
- 16 Toledano A, González E, Rodríguez G, Galindo AN. Desarrollo de un test de screening olfatorio a partir del test de Connecticut (CCCRC). Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2005;56(3):116-21. doi:10.1016/S0001-6519(05)78585-X
- 17 Zorzon M, Ukmar M, Bragadin LM, Zanier F, Antonello RM, Cazzato G et al. Olfactory dysfunction and extent of white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MR study. Mult Scler. 2000;6(6):386-90. doi:10.1177/135245850000600605