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DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20170026
Acute muscular weakness in children
Fraqueza muscular aguda em criançasABSTRACT
Acute muscle weakness in children is a pediatric emergency. During the diagnostic approach, it is crucial to obtain a detailed case history, including: onset of weakness, history of associated febrile states, ingestion of toxic substances/toxins, immunizations, and family history. Neurological examination must be meticulous as well. In this review, we describe the most common diseases related to acute muscle weakness, grouped into the site of origin (from the upper motor neuron to the motor unit). Early detection of hyperCKemia may lead to a myositis diagnosis, and hypokalemia points to the diagnosis of periodic paralysis. Ophthalmoparesis, ptosis and bulbar signs are suggestive of myasthenia gravis or botulism. Distal weakness and hyporeflexia are clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome, the most frequent cause of acute muscle weakness. If all studies are normal, a psychogenic cause should be considered. Finding the etiology of acute muscle weakness is essential to execute treatment in a timely manner, improving the prognosis of affected children.
RESUMO
A fraqueza muscular aguda (FMA) na criança é uma emergência pediátrica. Durante a abordagem diagnóstica, é crucial obter uma anamnese detalhada que inclua: início da fraqueza, história de estados febris associados, ingestão de substâncias tóxicas/toxinas, imunizações e história familiar. O exame neurológico também deve ser acurado. Nesta revisão, nós descrevemos as doeças mais frequentemente associadas com FMA, agrupadas pelo local de origem (desde o neurçnio motor superior até a unidade motora). A detecção precoce de aumento de CK pode levar ao diagnóstico de miosite, e a hipopotassemia orienta para o diagnóstico de paralisia periódica. A oftalmoparesia, ptose e sinais bulbares são sugestivos de miastenia gravis ou de botulismo. Fraqueza distal e hiporeflexia são dados clínicos da síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB), a mais frequente causa de FMA. Se todos os estudos são normais, uma causa psicogênica pode ser considerada. A busca da etiologia da FMA é essencial para que o tratamento seja feito a tempo, melhorando o prognóstico da criança afetada.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 12. Juli 2016
Angenommen: 29. Juli 2016
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
05. September 2023
© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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