Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2018; 76(05): 339-345
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20180032
Article

Histopathologic aspects of experimental cysticercosis and in situ cytokines profile in C57BL/6 mice

Aspectos histopatológicos da cisticercose experimental e perfil de citocinas in situ em camundongos C57BL/6
Anália Cirqueira Milhomem
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
,
Amanda Juliana Soaris de Souza
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
,
Hidelberto Matos Silva
2   Centro Universitário Gurupi, Faculdade de Medicina, Gurupi TO, Brasil
,
Marina Clare Vinaud
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
,
Milton Adriano Pelli de Oliveira
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
,
Juliana Reis Machado
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
,
Ruy de Souza Lino Júnior
1   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Patologia Tropical, Goiânia GO, Brasil;
› Author AffiliationsCNPq grant number 471243/2013-2
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the parasitic infections that most affects the central nervous system. The knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology needs broadening. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as the NCC experimental model. The aim of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the in situ cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intracranially with viable T. crassiceps cysticerci. The histopathology analysis showed cysticerci in the extraparenchymal and intraventricular region, mononuclear inflammatory infiltration surrounding the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the in situ immune profiles showed a predominance of the Th2 response. The IL-4 and IL-10 dosages were significantly increased in the infected group. The decrease in the INF-gamma dosage reflects the immunomodulation from the cysticerci. In conclusion, a T. crassiceps NCC infection in C57BL/6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type in situ profile, with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, meningitis and microgliosis.

RESUMO

Neurocisticercose (NCC) é uma das doenças parasitárias que mais afeta o sistema nervoso central. É necessário aprofundar o conhecimento em relação à sua imunopatogênese e patofisiologia. Os cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps são utilizados como modelo experimental para estudos da NCC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os processos patológicos gerais e o perfil de citocinas in situ em camundongos C57BL/6 inoculados via intracerebral com cisticercos viáveis de T. crassiceps. A análise histopatológica demonstrou cisticercos nas regiões extra-parenquimatosa e intraventricular, infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares ao redor do parasita, microgliose e meningite. A análise in situ do perfil de citocinas mostrou uma predominância da resposta Th2. As dosagens de IL-4 e IL-10 foram significativamente maiores no grupo infectado. Conclui-se que a NCC por T. crassiceps em camundongos C57BL/6 induz uma resposta inflamatória com predominância in situ de citocinas do perfil Th2, com infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares, meningite e microgliose.

Keywords:

neurocysticercosis - neglected diseases - Taenia

Palavras-chave:

Neurocisticercose - doenças negligenciadas - Taenia

Support

CNPq grant number 471243/2013-2




Publication History

Received: 02 October 2017

Accepted: 31 January 2018

Article published online:
25 August 2023

© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • References

  • 1 Nash TE, Mahanty S, Garcia HH. Neurocysticercosis-more than a neglected disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Apr;7(4):e1964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001964
  • 2 World Healt Organization – WHO. WHO 2011. Report of the WHO Expert Consultation on Foodborne Trematode Infections and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, 2009 Oct 12-16; Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Geneva: World Healt Organization; 2011.
  • 3 Flisser A, Ávila G, Maravilla P, Mendlovic F, León-Cabrera S, Cruz-Rivera M et al. Taenia solium: current understanding of laboratory animal models of taeniosis. Parasitology. 2010 Mar;137(3):347-57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010000272
  • 4 Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Dec;13(12):1202-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70094-8
  • 5 Sciutto E, Chavarria A, Fragoso G, Fleury A, Larralde C. The immune response in Taenia solium cysticercosis: protection and injury. Parasite Immunol. 2007 Dec;29(12):621-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00967.x
  • 6 Fogang YF, Savadogo AA, Camara M, Toffa DH, Basse A, Sow AD et al. Managing neurocysticercosis: challenges and solutions. Int J Gen Med. 2015 Oct;8:333-44. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S73249
  • 7 Cardona AE, Restrepo BI, Jaramillo JM, Teale JM. Development of an animal model for neurocysticercosis: immune response in the central nervous system is characterized by a predominance of γ δ T cells. J Immunol. 1999 Jan;162(2):995-1002.
  • 8 Tuero I, Palma S, Cabeza F, Saleemi S, Rodriguez S, Gonzales I et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú. A comparative study of peripheral immune responses to Taenia soliumin individuals with parenchymal and subarachnoid neurocysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Oct;9(10):e0004143. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004143
  • 9 Fleury A, Cardenas G, Adalid-Peralta L, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Immunopathology in Taenia solium neurocysticercosis. Parasite Immunol. 2016 Mar;38(3):147-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12299
  • 10 Ransohoff RM, Kivisäkk P, Kidd G. Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Jul;3(7):569-81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1130
  • 11 Del Brutto OH. Neurocysticercosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;121:1445-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00097-3
  • 12 Del Brutto OH, Del Brutto VJ. Isolated brainstem cysticercosis: a review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 May;115(5):507-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.12.026
  • 13 Cárdenas G, Valdez R, Sáenz B, Bottasso O, Fragoso G, Sciutto E et al. Impact of Taenia solium neurocysticercosis upon endocrine status and its relation with immunoinflammatory parameters. Int J Parasitol. 2012 Feb;42(2):171-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.11.009
  • 14 Vaz AJ, Nunes CM, Piazza RM, Livramento JA, Da Silva MV, Nakamura PM et al. Immunoblot with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurocysticercosis using antigen from cysticerci of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Sep;57(3):354-7. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.354
  • 15 Moura VB, Lima SB, Matos-Silva H, Vinaud MC, Loyola PR, Lino RS. Cellular immune response in intraventricular experimental neurocysticercosis. Parasitology. 2016 Mar;143(3):334-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182015001572
  • 16 Matos-Silva H, Reciputti BP, Paula EC, Oliveira AL, Moura VB, Vinaud MC et al. Experimental encephalitis caused by Taenia crassiceps cysticerci in mice. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012 Apr;70(4):287-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2012005000010
  • 17 Verastegui MR, Mejia A, Clark T, Gavidia CM, Mamani J, Ccopa F et al. Novel rat model for neurocysticercosis using Taenia solium. Am J Pathol. 2015 Aug;185(8):2259-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.015
  • 18 Fleury A, Trejo A, Cisneros H, García-Navarrete R, Villalobos N, Hernández M et al. Taenia solium: development of an experimental model of porcine neurocysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Aug;9(8):e0003980. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003980
  • 19 Hamamoto Filho PT, Fabro AT, Rodrigues MV, Bazan R, Vulcano LC, Biondi GF et al. Taenia crassiceps injection into the subarachnoid space of rats simulates radiological and morphological features of racemose neurocysticercosis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Jan;33(1):119-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3239-3
  • 20 Fragoso G, Meneses G, Sciutto E, Fleury A, Larralde C. Preferential growth of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci in female mice holds across several laboratory mice strains and parasite lines. J Parasitol. 2008 Apr;94(2):551-3. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1287.1
  • 21 Freitas AA, Moura VB, Gonçalves SF, Rodrigues AA, Félix RM, Soares TP et al. Kinetics of the inflammatory response in subcutaneous cysticercosis induced in mice by Taenia crassiceps. J Comp Pathol. 2012 Aug-Oct;147(2-3):267-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.12.009
  • 22 Pereira ÍM, Lima SB, Freitas AA, Vinaud MC, Junior RS. EXPERIMENTAL SUBCUTANEOUS CYSTICERCOSIS BY Taenia crassiceps IN BALB/c AND C57BL/6 MICE. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016 Jul;58(0):55. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946201658055
  • 23 Oliveira MA, Santiago HC, Lisboa CR, Ceravollo IP, Trinchieri G, Gazzinelli RT et al. Leishmania sp: comparative study with Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi in their ability to initialize IL-12 and IFN-γ synthesis. Exp Parasitol. 2000 Jun;95(2):96-105. https://doi.org/10.1006/expr.2000.4523
  • 24 Sotelo J, Marin C. Hydrocephalus secondary to cysticercotic arachnoiditis. A long-term follow-up review of 92 cases. J Neurosurg. 1987 May;66(5):686-9. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0686
  • 25 Bueno EC. Cysticercosis and the immunossupression: what are the mechanisms involved? Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012 Apr;70(4):243-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2012000400002
  • 26 Cangalaya C, Zimic M, Marzal M, González AE, Guerra-Giraldez C, Mahanty S et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Inflammation caused by praziquantel treatment depends on the location of the Taenia solium cysticercus in porcine neurocysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Dec;9(12):e0004207. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004207
  • 27 Ferguson TA, Griffith TS. A vision of cell death: insights into immune privilege. Immunol Rev. 1997 Apr;156(1):167-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00967.x
  • 28 Riemersma SA, Jordanova ES, Schop RF, Philippo K, Looijenga LH, Schuuring E et al. Extensive genetic alterations of the HLA region, including homozygous deletions of HLA class II genes in B-cell lymphomas arising in immune-privileged sites. Blood. 2000 Nov;96(10):3569-77.
  • 29 Gimsa U, Mitchison NA, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. Immune privilege as an intrinsic CNS property: astrocytes protect the CNS against T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:320519. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/320519
  • 30 Terrazas LI. The complex role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cysticercosis: immunological lessons from experimental and natural hosts. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(5):383-92. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802608783790848
  • 31 Hedrich CM, Bream JH. Cell type-specific regulation of IL-10 expression in inflammation and disease. Immunol Res. 2010 Jul;47(1-3):185-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-009-8150-5