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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2018; 76(12): 849-852
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20180148
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The convergence of stroke and dementia

A convergência do acidente vascular cerebral e da demência
Vladimir Hachinski
1   Western University, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
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ABSTRACT

Neurological disorders account for the most Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY's) -of the Global Burden of Disease (10%). More than half of neurological DALY's result from the combination of stroke (42%) and dementia (10%). The two pose risk for each other and share the same predisposing factors. A stroke doubles the risk of dementia. The close interactions call for convergent approaches. Stroke and dementia also converge at the microscopic level. The neurovascular unit has emerged as a key organizational structure of the brain. Involvement of any of its elements affects all the others. Thus, neurodegeneration impairs the microcirculation and disturbances of the microcirculation accelerate neurodegeneration. Evolving technologies allow “in vivo” imaging of the usual mixture of vascular and neurodegenerative pathology of the elderly that makes them prone to stroke and dementia. Since they occur together, they should be prevented together with a multimodal approach of lifestyle changes and mechanistic therapeutic targets. The two fields are also converging at the policy level. The World Stroke Organization has updated its Proclamation to include potentially preventable dementias that has been endorsed by Alzheimer Disease International, The World Federation of Neurology, the American Academy of Neurology and 20 international, regional and national organizations. Those interested in stroke and those dealing with dementia should work together where they can, differ where they must, with the common aim of preventing jointly, both stroke and dementia.

RESUMO

As doenças neurológicas são responsáveis pela maior parte dos Anos de Vida Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY's) segundo o Estudo da Carga Global de Doença (10%). Mais da metade dos DALY's de origem neurológica resultam da combinação de acidente vascular cerebral-AVC (42%) e demência (10%). Estas duas condições representam risco uma para a outra e compartilham dos mesmos fatores predisponentes. Um AVC quase triplica o risco de demência. Esta grande interação demanda abordagens convergentes. AVC e demência também convergem em nível microscópico. A unidade neurovascular emergiu como estrutura de organização chave da saúde do cérebro. O envolvimento de qualquer um dos seus elementos afeta todos os outros. Desse modo, a neurodegeneração compromete a microcirculação, enquanto distúrbios da microcirculação aceleram a neurodegeneração. Novas tecnologias permitem a obtenção de imagens “in vivo” da combinação usual entre patologia vascular e neurodegenerativa de idosos, que os torna vulneráveis ao AVC e à demência. Como estas duas condições ocorrem associadas, devem ser prevenidas em conjunto, com uma abordagem multimodal que conjugue mudanças de hábitos de vida e alvos terapêuticos mecanísticos. Estes dois campos também estão convergindo no campo das políticas de saúde. A Organização Mundial do AVC atualizou sua Proclamação de modo a incluir demências potencialmente passíveis de prevenção, que foi endossada pela Associação Internacional da Doença de Alzheimer, pela Federação Mundial de Neurologia, pela Academia Americana de Neurologia, e por 20 outras organizações internacionais, regionais e nacionais. Os colegas interessados em AVC e aqueles que lidam com demência devem trabalhar juntos onde puderem, diferindo onde devem, com o objetivo comum da prevenção conjunta tanto do AVC quanto da demência.

Keywords:

stroke - dementia - prevention

Palavras-chave:

acidente vascular cerebral - demência - prevenção


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 30. Oktober 2018

Angenommen: 09. November 2018

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. August 2023

© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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