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Arquivos Internacionais de Otorrinolaringologia 2011; 15(04): 492-500
DOI: 10.1590/S1809-48722011000400014
Review Article
Thieme Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Tourette syndrome: Review of literature

Síndrome de La Tourette: Revisão de literatura
Larissa Lane Cardoso Teixeira
1   Student of the fifth year of Medical School from University of State of Pará.
,
José Mariano Soriano Pantoja Júnior
1   Student of the fifth year of Medical School from University of State of Pará.
,
Francisco Xavier Palheta Neto
2   Associate Professor from Federal Univesity of Pará and from University of State of Pará, Preceptor of Medical Residency in Otorhinolaryngology from University Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza of Federal University of Pará. Master's Degree in Otorhinolaryngology from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Doctorate in Neuroscience by the University of State of Pará.
,
Mauricio Neres Targino
1   Student of the fifth year of Medical School from University of State of Pará.
,
Angélica Cristina Pezzin Palheta
3   Assistent Professor of Federal University of Pará and from University of State of Pará, Preceptor of Medical Residency in Otorhinolaryngology of University Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza. Master's degree in Otorhinolaryngology by Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
,
Felipe Araújo da Silva
4   Student of third year of Medical University of State of Pará.
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

11 March 2010

21 April 2010

Publication Date:
12 February 2014 (online)

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Summary

Introduction: Tourette Syndrome (TS) was described for the first time in 1825, and it is a neuropsychiatry disease, initially begins in childhood, affects more males, characterized by remarkable social and psychological commitment, impacting the lives of patients and family. Until recently, this disease were considered a rare condition, but current studies show that the prevalence rate may vary in 1% to 2,9% in a few groups.

Objective: Perform a review of literature over the main aspects related to Tourette syndrome.

Data synthesis: The TS is a genetic disorder, associated with neuroanatomical and neurophysiological alterations, characterized by compulsive phenomenon, whose etiology is still unknown. The clinical profile is composed, mostly, by motor tics and vocal tics, that which are divided in simple and complex. Its association with Obssessive Compulsive Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is very commom. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and do not exist. Until now, there is no specific laboratory test that confirm this pathology. The treatment is based mainly on psychological theory. However when there is need for the use of drugs, the most widely used are the antagonists of dopamine receptors.

Conclusion: The TS causes many damages as psychosocial and educational for the individual and the family. However, the diagnosis and the early treatment are able to minimize or cancel this damages. This way, knowing the general aspects that guide the TS is of utmost importance to preserve the quality of life for the patients with the disease.

Resumo

Introdução: A Síndrome de La Tourette (ST) foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1825 e se trata de uma patologia neuropsiquátrica de início geralmente na infância, que acomete mais o sexo masculino, caracterizada por notável comprometimento psicológico e social, causando impacto na vida dos portadores e familiares. Até pouco tempo, essa patologia era considerada uma condição rara, porém, estudos atuais demonstram que a taxa de prevalência pode variar de 1% a 2,9% em alguns grupos.

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais aspectos relacionados à Síndrome de La Tourette.

Síntese dos dados: A ST é um distúrbio genético, associado a alterações neurofisiológicas e neuroanatômicas, caracterizado por fenômenos compulsivos, cuja etiologia ainda é desconhecida. O quadro clínico é composto, principalmente, por tiques motores e vocais que se subdividem em simples e complexos. A sua associação com Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo e Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade é relativamente comum. O diagnóstico é eminentemente clínico e não existe, até o momento, nenhum teste laboratorial específico que confirme esta patologia. O tratamento é fundamentado, principalmente, na terapia psicológica. Porém, quando há necessidade do emprego de fármacos, os mais utilizados são os antagonistas dos receptores de dopamina.

Conclusão: A ST causa diversos prejuízos psicossociais e educacionais para o indivíduo e familiares. Porém, o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces são capazes de minimizar ou anular estes danos. Desta forma, conhecer os aspectos gerais que norteiam a ST é de fundamental importância para preservar a qualidade de vida dos portadores da doença.

Keywords

Tourette syndrome - tics - otorhinolaryngologic diseases - voice disorders

Palavras-chave

síndrome de Tourette - tiques - otorrinolaringopatias - distúrbios da voz
 

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