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J Pediatr Intensive Care 2014; 03(03): 169-181
DOI: 10.3233/PIC-14100
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart – New York

Acute central nervous system complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell patients

François Aspesberro
a   Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
b   Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
,
Lily Sol Milewski
a   Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
,
Thomas V. Brogan
a   Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
b   Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Publication History

02 August 2014

02 November 2014

Publication Date:
28 July 2015 (online)

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Abstract

Acute neurologic complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients cause significant morbidity and mortality. To conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature reporting acute neurologic complications of the central nervous system among children undergoing HSCT. Comprehensive literature review from 2000 to 2014 using Medline. A total of 566 pediatric articles were reviewed and data from 66 studies selected. A brief overview of morbidity and mortality in pediatric HSCT patients is provided followed by a summary of findings related to acute neurologic complications. Acute central nervous system complications in pediatric HSCT patients are varied and are the result of multiple causes including infection, drug-related toxicity, immune suppression, vascular injury and neoplasms.

Keywords

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - central nervous system - graft-versus-host disease - pediatrics