RSS-Feed abonnieren
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.143619
Nanoclay addition to a conventional glass ionomer cements: Influence on physical properties
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
25. September 2019 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00042133/201404/lookinside/thumbnails/10-4103-1305-7456-143619_00456-1.jpg)
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the reinforcement effect of polymer-grade montmorillonite (PGN nanoclay) on physical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: The PGN nanoclay was dispersed in the liquid portion of GIC (HiFi, Advanced Healthcare, Kent, UK) at 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to quantify the polymer liquid of GICs after dispersion of nanoclay. The molecular weight (Mw) of HiFi liquid was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The compressive strength (CS), diametral-tensile strength, flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (Ef) of cements (n = 20) were measured after storage for 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. Fractured surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The working and setting time (WT and ST) of cements was measured by a modified Wilson's rheometer. Results: The FTIR results showed a new peak at 1041 cm−1 which increased in intensity with an increase in the nanoclay content and was related to the Si-O stretching mode in PGN nanoclay. The Mw of poly (acrylic acid) used to form cement was in the range of 53,000 g/mol. The nanoclay reinforced GICs containing <2% nanoclays exhibited higher CS and FS. The Ef cement with 1% nanoclays was significantly higher. The WT and ST of 1% nanoclay reinforced cement were similar to the control cement but were reduced with 2% and 4% nanoclay addition. Conclusion: The dispersion of nanoclays in GICs was achieved, and GIC containing 2 wt% nanoclay is a promising restorative materials with improved physical properties.
-
REFERENCES
- 1 Hickel R. Trends in materials science from the point of view of a practicing dentist. J Eur Ceram Soc 2009; 29: 1283-9
- 2 Roulet JF. Benefits and disadvantages of tooth-coloured alternatives to amalgam. J Dent 1997; 25: 459-73
- 3 Sasanaluckit P, Albustany KR, Doherty PJ, Williams DF. Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Biomaterials 1993; 14: 906-16
- 4 Tyas MJ. Milestones in adhesion: Glass-ionomer cements. J Adhes Dent 2003; 5: 259-66
- 5 Nicholson JW, Croll TP. Glass-ionomer cements in restorative dentistry. Quintessence Int 1997; 28: 705-14
- 6 Wiegand A, Buchalla W, Attin T. Review on fluoride-releasing restorative materials-fluoride release and uptake characteristics, antibacterial activity and influence on caries formation. Dent Mater 2007; 23: 343-62
- 7 Wilson AD, Kent BE. The glass-ionomer cement: A new translucent dental filling material. J Appl Chem Biotechnol 1971; 21: 313-8
- 8 Williams JA, Billington RW, Pearson G. Silver and fluoride ion release from metal-reinforced glass-ionomer filling materials. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24: 369-75
- 9 Mitra SB. Adhesion to dentin and physical properties of a light-cured glass-ionomer liner/base. J Dent Res 1991; 70: 72-4
- 10 Zhao J, Xie D. A novel hyperbranched poly (acrylic acid) for improved resin-modified glass-ionomer restoratives. Dent Mater 2011; 27: 478-86
- 11 Bertolini MJ, Zaghete MA, Gimenes R, de Souza RF, Vaz LG. Preparation of new glass systems by the polymeric precursor method for dental applications. J Non Cryst Solids 2004; 344: 170-5
- 12 Culbertson BM. New polymeric materials for use in glass-ionomer cements. J Dent 2006; 34: 556-65
- 13 Iz SG, Ertugrul F, Eden E, Gurhan SI. Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine. Eur J Dent 2013; 7: S89-93
- 14 Moshaverinia A, Ansari S, Movasaghi Z, Billington RW, Darr JA, Rehman IU. Modification of conventional glass-ionomer cements with N-vinylpyrrolidone containing polyacids, nano-hydroxy and fluoroapatite to improve mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2008; 24: 1381-90
- 15 Dowling AH, Stamboulis A, Fleming GJ. The influence of montmorillonite clay reinforcement on the performance of a glass ionomer restorative. J Dent 2006; 34: 802-10
- 16 Xie D, Chung ID, Wu W, Lemons J, Puckett A, Mays J. An amino acid-modified and non-HEMA containing glass-ionomer cement. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 1825-30
- 17 Kawano F, Kon M, Kobayashi M, Miyai K. Reinforcement effect of short glass fibers with CaO – P (2) O (5) – SiO (2) – Al (2) O (3) glass on strength of glass-ionomer cement. J Dent 2001; 29: 377-80
- 18 Alexandre M, Dubois P. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 2000; 28: 1-63
- 19 Ray SS, Okamoto M. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: A review from preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 2003; 28: 1539-641
- 20 Fareed MA, Stamboulis A. Nanoclays reinforced glass ionomer cements: Dispersion and interaction of polymer grade (PG) montmorillonite with poly (acrylic acid). J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25: 91-9
- 21 Pearson GJ, Atkinson AS. Effects of temperature change on the working and setting characteristics of water-based dental cements. Dent Mater 1987; 3: 275-9
- 22 ISO 9917-1:2007 Dentistry-Water-Based Cements-Part 1: Powder/liquid Acid-Base Cements. International Organization for Standardisation; 2009
- 23 ISO 4049:2000 Dentistry, Dentistry-Polymer-Based Filling, Restorative and Luting Materials. International Organization for Standardisation; 2000
- 24 ASTM D790-07 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. ASTM; 2007
- 25 Kirwan LJ, Fawell PD, van Bronswijk W. In situ FTIR-ATR Examination of Poly (acrylic acid) Adsorbed onto Hematite at Low pH. Langmuir 2003; 19: 5802-7
- 26 MacDonald SA, Schardt CR, Masiello DJ, Simmons JH. Dispersion analysis of FTIR reflection measurements in silicate glasses. J Non Cryst Solids 2000; 275: 72-82
- 27 Hwa LG, Hwang SL, Liu LC. Infrared and Raman spectra of calcium alumino-silicate glasses. J Non Cryst Solids 1998; 238: 193-7
- 28 Ramos-Tejada MM, Galindo-Gonzalez C, Perea R, Durain JD. Effect of charged polyelectrolytes on the electrophoretic behavior, stability, and viscoelastic properties of montmorillonite suspensions. J Rheol 2006; 50: 995-1007
- 29 Kornmann X, Lindberg H, Berglund LA. Synthesis of epoxy-clay nanocomposites. Influence of the nature of the curing agent on structure. Polymer 2001; 42: 4493-9
- 30 Vaia RA, Ishii H, Giannelis EP. Synthesis and properties of two-dimensional nanostructures by direct intercalation of polymer melts in layered silicates. Chem Mater 1993; 5: 1694-6
- 31 Filippi S, Mameli E, Marazzato C, Magagnini P. Comparison of solution-blending and melt-intercalation for the preparation of poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2007; 43: 1645-59