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DOI: 10.4103/1947-489X.210966
Anemia in chronic heart failure: A review
Despite advances in chronic heart failure (CHF) medical and device therapy in recent years, CHF continues to be a syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Abundance of data suggests that anemia is prevalent in CHF. The pathophysiology of CHF-related anemia is complex and poorly understood. Earlier small trials demonstrated improvement in morbidity with use of erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) and parenteral iron but that was not supported by more recent large randomized trials. There is a concern regarding the safety of ESA. Small studies showed benefits from parenteral iron alone or combination with ESA. This was promising since parenteral iron is a relatively cheap therapeutic intervention to treat anemia in CHF patients. So far there are no clear recommendations regarding the treatment of CHF related anemia. The purpose of this article is to review the most recent epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options for anemia in CHF.
Publication History
Received: 10 October 2009
Accepted: 12 December 2009
Article published online:
23 May 2022
© 2010. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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