The changing trends in management of spinal tuberculosis: Are we hitting a better road?

• References

• 1 Jasmer RM, Nahid P, Hopewell PC. Clinical practice. Latent tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1860-1866
• 2 Hugar BS, Chandra YP, Babu PR, Jayanth SH, Vinay J. Fatal case of retropharyngeal abscess associated with Pott’s disease. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20: 567-569
• 3 Kiran NA, Kale SS, Vaishya S, Kasliwal MK, Gupta A, Sharma MS. et al Gamma Knife surgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations in children: A retrospective study in 103 patients. J Neurosurg 2007; 107: 479-484
• 4 Sai Kiran NA, Vaishya S, Kale SS, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK. Surgical results in patients with tuberculosis of the spine and severe lower-extremity motor deficits: A retrospective study of 48 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2007; 6: 320-326
• 5 Pertuiset E, Beaudreuil J, Lioté F, Horusitzky A, Kemiche F, Richette P. et al Spinal tuberculosis in adults. A study of 103 cases in a developed country, 1980-1994. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999; 78: 309-320
• 6 Ridley N, Shaikh MI, Remedios D, Mitchell R. Radiology of skeletal tuberculosis. Orthopedics 1998; 21: 1213-1220
• 7 Graves VB, Schreiber MH. Tuberculous psoas muscle abscess. J Can Assoc Radiol 1973; 24: 268-271
• 8 Moon MS. Tuberculosis of the spine. Controversies and a new challenge. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997; 22: 1791-1797
• 9 Kotil K, Alan MS, Bilge T. Medical management of Pott disease in the thoracic and lumbar spine: A prospective clinical study. J Neurosurg Spine 2007; 6: 222-228
• 10 Park DW, Sohn JW, Kim EH, Cho DI, Lee JH, Kim KT. et al Outcome and management of spinal tuberculosis according to the severity of disease: A retrospective study of 137 adult patients at Korean teaching hospitals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: E130-E135
• 11 Desai SS. Early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis by MRI. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994; 76: 863-869
• 12 Tuli SM. Tuberculosis of the spine: A historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 460: 29-38
• 13 Pott P. The chirurgical works of Percivall PottF. surgeon to St.Bartholomew’s Hospital, a new edition, with his last corrections 1808. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; 4-10
• 14 Kilichan EA. Surgery of paraplegia in Pott’s disease by the Seddon method. Istanbul Tip Fak Mecmuasi 1959; 22: 299-308
• 15 Rezai AR, Lee M, Cooper PR, Errico TJ, Koslow M. Modern management of spinal tuberculosis. Neurosurgery 1995; 36: 87-97
• 16 Konstam PG, Blesovsky A. The ambulant treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Br J Surg 1962; 50: 26-38
• 17 A 10-year assessment of a controlled trial comparing debridement and anterior spinal fusion in the management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy in Hong Kong.. Eighth Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Tuberculosis of the Spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1982; 64: 393-398
• 18 A controlled trial of ambulant out-patient treatment and in-patient rest in bed in the management of tuberculosis of the spine in young Korean patients on standard chemotherapy a study in Masan, Korea. First report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Tuberculosis of the Spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1973; 55: 678-697
• 19 A controlled trial of anterior spinal fusion and débridement in the surgical management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy: A study in Hong Kong. Br J Surg 1974; 61: 853-866
• 20 A controlled trial of débridement and ambulatory treatment in the management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy. A study in Bulawayo, Rhodesia. J Trop Med Hyg 1974; 77: 72-92
• 21 A five-year assessment of controlled trials of in-patient and out-patient treatment and of plaster-of-Paris jackets for tuberculosis of the spine in children on standard chemotherapy.. Studies in Masan and Pusan Korea, Fifth report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on tuberculosis of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1976; 58-B: 399-411
• 22 Five-year assessments of controlled trials of ambulatory treatment, debridement and anterior spinal fusion in the management of tuberculosis of the spine.. Studies in Bulawayo (Rhodesia) and in Hong Kong. Sixth report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Tuberculosis of the Spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1978; 60-B: 163-177
• 23 A controlled trial of anterior spinal fusion and débridement in the surgical management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy: A study in two centres in South Africa. Seventh Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on tuberculosis of the spine. Tubercle 1978; 59: 79-105
• 24 Chandra SP, Singh A, Goyal N, Laythalling RK, Singh M, Kale SS. et al Analysis of changing paradigms of management in 179 patients with spinal tuberculosis over a 12-year period and proposal of a new management algorithm. World Neurosurg 2013; 80: 190-203
• 25 Hodgson AR, Stock FE, Fang HS, Ong GB. Anterior spinal fusion. The operative approach and pathological findings in 412 patients with Pott’s disease of the spine. Br J Surg 1960; 48: 172-178
• 26 Azzam NI, Tammawy M. Tuberculous spondylitis in adults: Diagnosis and treatment. Br J Neurosurg 1988; 2: 85-91
• 27 Colmenero JD, Jiménez-Mejias ME, Sanchez-Lora FJ, Reguera JM, Palomino-Nicas J, Martos F. et al Pyogenic, tuberculous, and brucellar vertebral osteomyelitis: A descriptive and comparative study of 219 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 56: 709-715
• 28 Jutte PC, Van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH. Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 5: CD004532
• 29 Nene A, Bhojraj S. Results of nonsurgical treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis in adults. Spine J 2005; 5: 79-84
• 30 Tuli SM, Kumar K, Sen PC. Penetration of antitubercular drugs in clinical osteoarticular tubercular lesions. Acta Orthop Scand 1977; 48: 362-368
• 31 Tuli SM, Brighton CT, Morton HE, Clark LW. The experimental induction of localised skeletal tuberculous lesions and their accessibility to streptomycin. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1974; 56B: 551-559
• 32 Tuli SM. Tuberculosis of the Skeletal System. 2^nd ed New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 1997
• 33 Benli IT, Kiç M, Akalin S, Citak M, Kanevetçi S, Duman E. The results of anterior radical debridement and anterior instrumentation in Pott’s disease and comparison with other surgical techniques. Kobe J Med Sci 2000; 46: 39-68
• 34 Yilmaz C, Selek HY, Gürkan I, Erdemli B, Korkusuz Z. Anterior instrumentation for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999; 81: 1261-1267
• 35 Schulitz KP, Kothe R, Leong JC, Wehling P. Growth changes of solidly fused kyphotic bloc after surgery for tuberculosis. Comparison of four procedures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997; 22: 1150-1155
• 36 Moon MS, Woo YK, Lee KS, Ha KY, Kim SS, Sun DH. Posterior instrumentation and anterior interbody fusion for tuberculous kyphosis of dorsal and lumbar spines. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 1910-1916
• 37 Oga M, Arizono T, Takasita M, Sugioka Y. Evaluation of the risk of instrumentation as a foreign body in spinal tuberculosis. Clinical and biologic study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993; 18: 1890-1894
• 38 Jenkins DH, Hodgson AR, Yau AC, Dwyer AP, O’Mahoney G. Stablization of the spine in the surgical treatment of severe spinal tuberculosis in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1975; 69-80
• 39 Moon MS, Ha KY, Sun DH, Moon JL, Moon YW, Chung JH. Pott’s Paraplegia - 67 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996; 122-128
• 40 Moula T, Fowles JV, Kassab MT, Sliman N. Pott’s paraplegia: A clinical review of operative and conservative treatment in 63 adults and children. Int Orthop 1981; 5: 23-29
• 41 Arizono T, Oga M, Shiota E, Honda K, Sugioka Y. Differentiation of vertebral osteomyelitis and tuberculous spondylitis by magnetic resonance imaging. Int Orthop 1995; 19: 319-322
• 42 Lifeso RM, Weaver P, Harder EH. Tuberculous spondylitis in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985; 67: 1405-1413
• 43 Moon MS, Moon YW, Moon JL, Kim SS, Sun DH. Conservative treatment of tuberculosis of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; 40-49