Biological width: No violation zone

Ashu Sharma; G. R. Rahul; Bhawna Gupta; Mozammil Hafeez

doi:10.4103/2278-9626.105353

European Journal of General Dentistry, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2012; 1(03): 137-141
DOI: 10.4103/2278-9626.105353

Review Article

Biological width: No violation zone

Ashu Sharma

Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

,

G. R. Rahul

Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

,

Bhawna Gupta

¹House Surgeon, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

,

Mozammil Hafeez

¹House Surgeon, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

PDF Download

Abstract

Maintenance of gingival health is one of the keys for the longevity of teeth, as well as for the longevity of restorations. The concept of Biologic width has been widely described by periodontists and restorative dentists. An adequate understanding of relationship between periodontal tissues and restorative dentistry is paramount to ensure adequate form, function and esthetics, and comfort of the dentition. While most clinicians are aware of this important relationship, uncertainty remains regarding specific concepts such as biologic width and indications and applications of surgical crown lengthening. These violations lead to complications like gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss and improper fit of the restorative component. This review gives the wide aspect of the complex question of biologic width and represents an attempt to answer some of the demands in relation to it. The article also discusses the possible methods to assess biologic width, problems that occur after improper margin placement in the periodontium and the alternative procedures for prevention of biological width violation.

Keywords

Biological width - bermuda triangle - margin placement - periodontal health

PDF (586 kb)

References

References
1 Gargiulo AW, Wentz FM, Orban B. Mitotic activity of human oral epithelium exposed to 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1961;14:474-92.
2 Vacek JS, Gher ME, Assad DA, Richardson AC, Giambarresi LI. The dimensions of the human dentogingival junction, Int J Periodont Rest Dent 1994;14:154-65.
3 Mishkin DJ, Gellin RG. Re: Biologic width and crown lengthening. J Periodontol 1993; 64:920.
4 de Waal H, Castellucci G. The importance of restorative margin placement to the biologic width and periodontal health. Part II. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 1994;14:70-83.
5 Bader JD, Rozier RG, McFall WT, Ramsey DL. Effect of crown margins on periodontal conditions in regularly attending patients. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:75-9.
6 Orkin DA, Reddy J, Bradshaw D. The relationship of the position of crown margins to gingival health. J Prosthet Dent 1987;57:421-4.
7 Nugala B, Kumar BS, Sahitya S, Krishna PM. Biologic width and its importance in periodontal and restorative dentistry. J Conserv Dent 2012;15:12-7.
8 Kois JC. The restorative-periodontal interface: Biological parameters. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:29-38.
9 Robinson PJ, Vitek RM. The relationship between gingival inflammation and resistance to probe penetration. J Periodontal Res 1979;14:239-43.
10 Galgali SR, Gontiya G. Evaluation of an innovative radiographic technique-parallel profile radiography-to determine the dimensions of the dentogingival unit. Indian J Dent Res 2011;22:237-41.
11 Dragoo MR, Williams GB. Periodontal tissue reactions to restorative procedures. Part II. Int J Periodont Restorative Dent 1982;2:34-45.
12 Johnson RH. Lengthening clinical crowns. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;121:473-6.
13 Maynard JG Jr., Wilson RD. Physiologic dimensions of the periodontium significant to the restorative dentist. J Periodontol 1979;50:170-4.
14 Tal H, Soldinger M, Dreiangel A, Pitaru S. Periodontal response to long-term abuse of the gingival attachment by supracrestal amalgam restorations. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16:654-9.
15 Wilson RD, Maynard G. Intracrevicular restorative dentistry. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1981;1:34-49.
16 Richter WA, Ueno H. Relationship of crown margin placement to gingival inflammation. J Prosthet Dent 1973;30:156-61.
17 Valderhaug J, Birkeland JM. Periodontal conditions in patients 5 years following insertion of fixed prostheses. J Oral Rehabil 1976;3:237-43.
18 Valderhaug J, Ellingsen JE, Jokstad A. Oral hygiene, periodontal conditions, and carious lesions in patients treated with dental bridges: A 15-year clinical and radiographic follow-up study. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:482-9.
19 Wagenberg BD. Surgical tooth lengthening: Biologic variables and esthetic concerns. J Esthet Dent 1998;10:30-6.
20 Grajower R, Lewinstein I. A mathematical treatise on the fit of crown castings. J Prosthet Dent 1983;49:663-74.
21 Reeves WG. Restorative margin placement and periodontal health. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:733-40.
22 Potashnick SR, Rosenberg ES. Forced eruption: principles in periodontics and restorative dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 1982;48:141-8.
23 Nevins M, Skurow HM. The intracrevicular restorative margin, the biologic width, and the maintenance of the gingival margin. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1984; 4:30-49.
24 Freeman K, Bebermeyer R, Moretti A, Koh S. Single-tooth crown lengthening by the restorative dentist: A case report. J Gt Houst Dent Soc 2000;2:14-6.