Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2013; 2(02): 119-123
DOI: 10.4103/2278-9626.112308
Original Article

A cytological analysis of the oral mucosa adjacent to orthodontic devices

Raul Magnoler Sampaio Mei
Graduate Dentistry Program, Orthodontics, Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
,
Antônio Adilson Soares de Lima
1   Depatment for Stomatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
,
Jorge César Borges Leão Filho
2   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, School of Health and Biosciences, Dentistry Graduate Program - Orthodontics, Brazil
,
Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
2   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, School of Health and Biosciences, Dentistry Graduate Program - Orthodontics, Brazil
,
Odilon Guariza Filho
2   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, School of Health and Biosciences, Dentistry Graduate Program - Orthodontics, Brazil
,
Elisa Souza Camargo
2   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, School of Health and Biosciences, Dentistry Graduate Program - Orthodontics, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study, was to evaluate the cytometry and cytomorphology of oral mucosa epithelial cells adjacent to orthodontic accessories using liquid-based exfoliative cytology. Materials and Methods: We placed metallic brackets on the upper pre-molars with stainless steel wires and metal or elastic ties on 20 people of both sexes, with an average age of 22.7 years. We evaluated nucleus area (NA), cytoplasm area (CA), and NA/CA ratio before installation (T0, baseline), 30 days after installation (T1), and 30 days after the accessories were removed (T2). Results: We verified a reduction in NA and an increase in CA with both types of ties at T1 (P<0.05 vs. T0), with a tendency to return to baseline values at T2 (P<0.05 vs. T0). At T1 and T2 we observed a predominance of surface cells over subsurface cells. Conclusions: The orthodontic appliance causes adaptive cell changes characterized by an increased level of keratinization of the oral mucosa, with a tendency to return to the normal state after removal of the mechanical stimulus of the orthodontic devices.

Keywords

Bracket - exfoliative cytology - mucosa


Publication History

Article published online:
01 November 2021

© 2013. European Journal of General Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Arruda EP, Trevilatto PC, Camargo ES, Woyceichoski IE, Machado MA, Vieira I, et al. Preclinical alterations of oral epithelial cells in contact with orthodontic appliances. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011;155:299-303.
  • 2 Kluemper GT, Hiser DG, Rayens MK, Jay MJ. Efficacy of a wax containing benzocaine in the relief of oral mucosal pain caused by orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:359-65.
  • 3 Kvam E, Bondevik O, Gjerdet NR. Traumatic ulcers and pain in adults during orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989;17:154-7.
  • 4 Caniklioglu C, Ozturk Y. Patient discomfort: A comparison between lingual and labial fixed appliances. Angle Orthod 2005;75:86-91.
  • 5 Maraki D, Becker J, Boecking A. Cytologic and DNA-cytometric very early diagnosis of oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2004;33:398-404.
  • 6 Hayama FH, Motta AC, Silva Ade P, Migliari DA. Liquid-based preparations versus conventional cytology: Specimen adequacy and diagnostic agreement in oral lesions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2005;10:115-22.
  • 7 Mehrotra R, Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R. Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions. Mol Cancer 2006;5:11.
  • 8 Lange DE, Meyer M, Hahn W. Oral exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of viral and bullous lesions. J Periodontol 1972;43:433-7.
  • 9 Cowpe JG, Longmore RB, Green MW. Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal oral squames: An age, site and sex-related survey. J R Soc Med 1985;78:995-1004.
  • 10 Ogden GR, Cowpe JG, Green MW. Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa: Effect of smoking. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19:53-5.
  • 11 Sugerman PB, Savage NW. Exfoliative cytology in clinical oral pathology. Aust Dent J 1996;41:71-4.
  • 12 Ten Cate AR, editor. Oral histology: Development, structure and function. 5 th ed: United States: Mosby; 1998.
  • 13 Pereira BR, Tanaka OM, Lima AA, Guariza-Filho O, Maruo H, Camargo ES. Metal and ceramic bracket effects on human buccal mucosa epithelial cells. Angle Orthod 2009;79:373-9.
  • 14 Ramaesh T, Mendis BR, Ratnatunga N, Thattil RO. Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998;27:83-6.
  • 15 Shabana AH, el-Labban NG, Lee KW, Kramer IR. Morphometric analysis of suprabasal cells in oral white lesions. J Clin Pathol 1989;42:264-70.
  • 16 Bernstein ML, Miller RL. Oral exfoliative cytology. J Am Dent Assoc 1978;96:625-9.
  • 17 Hafez HS, Selim EM, Kamel Eid FH, Tawfik WA, Al-Ashkar EA, Mostafa YA. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and metal release in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: A longitudinal in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:298-308.
  • 18 Natarajan M, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan A, Narasimhan M. Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of fixed appliances on oral mucosal cells and the relationship to nickel and chromium concentrations: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:383-8.
  • 19 Faccioni F, Franceschetti P, Cerpelloni M, Fracasso ME. In vivo study on metal release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:687-93.
  • 20 Fernandez-Minano E, Ortiz C, Vicente A, Calvo JL, Ortiz AJ. Metallic ion content and damage to the DNA in oral mucosa cells of children with fixed orthodontic appliances. Biometals 2011;24:935-41.
  • 21 Barrett RD, Bishara SE, Quinn JK. Biodegradation of orthodontic appliances. Part I. Biodegradation of nickel and chromium in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:8-14.