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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2014; 3(01): 46-52
DOI: 10.4103/2278-9626.126211
Original Article

Cytogenetic biomonitoring of premalignant and malignant oral lesions by micronuclei assessment: A screening evaluation

Shally Khanna
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Anupam Purwar
1   Department of Prosthodontics, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Narendra Nath Singh
2   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Gadiputi Sreedhar
2   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Shailendra Singh
3   Department of Orthodontics, Azamgarh Dental College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Saurabh Bhalla
4   Department of Orthodontics, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Background: Micronuclei (MN) are extracytoplasmic nuclear bodies, which are induced in cells by numerous genotoxic agents that damage the chromosomes. The damaged chromosomes in the form of acentric chromatids or chromosome fragments lag behind in anaphase when centric elements move towards the spindle poles, and thus leads to the formation of secondary nuclei called MN, which are also transmitted to the daughter cells. In oral exfoliated cells these MN are induced by variety of carcinogenic compounds like tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol; which have been suggested to be the most common cause of premalignant lesion conditions and oral cancer, and thus can be used as a biomarker for cytogenetic damage. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the frequency of MN in Papanicolaou (PAP) stained smears of oral exfoliated cells from healthy control, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) group in a small population of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Cytological smears were prepared from buccal mucosa of healthy control, leukoplakia patients, and SCC group and stained with PAP stain. Slides were screened, and micronucleated cells were counted out of thousand and compared in different groups. Results: Mean MN count was highest for the SCC group (10.13), followed by leukoplakia group (6.15), and lowest for healthy controls (3.28); with count ranging from 7-14, 4-8, and 2-4, respectively. Tukey′s HSD and ROC analysis showed the intergroup differences were significant statistically (P < 0.05) and thus, mean MN density seems to be a useful tool for differential diagnosis with high accuracy. Conclusion: MN were higher in SCC than in leukoplakia and healthy control, moreover. Hence, MN assay can be used as an important biomarker for cytogenetic damage in oral leukoplakia and SCC.

Keywords

Leukoplakia - micronuclei - squamous cell carcinoma


Publication History

Article published online:
01 November 2021

© 2014. European Journal of General Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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