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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2016; 5(02): 86-89
DOI: 10.4103/2278-9626.179557
Original Article

Mental depression as a risk factor for periodontal disease: A case–control study

Zareen Fatima
Department of Periodontology, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
,
Afshan Bey
Department of Periodontology, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
,
S. A. Azmi
1   Department of Psychiatry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
,
N. D. Gupta
Department of Periodontology, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
,
Amaan Khan
2   Career Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Aim: Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory response of tooth supporting structures to microbial dental plaque. It is influenced by various factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, systemic diseases, and psychological factors such as stress. This case-control study was performed to consider mental depression as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 subjects were selected. All the subjects were assessed for the presence of depression by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria and severity of depression was measured by Hamilton depression rating scale. For assessment of periodontal disease, clinical periodontal parameters oral hygiene index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects with depression had significantly higher values of debris index, calculus index, gingival index, PPD, and CAL (P < 0.001). Periodontal status was poor in patients with severe and very severe grade depression patients (P = 0.049). For all the indices/parameters, mean values of patients with > 6 months of illness were higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that mental depression significantly affects the periodontium. It may be considered as risk factor for periodontal disease.

Keywords

Depression - periodontal disease - risk factors - stress


Publication History

Article published online:
01 November 2021

© 2016. European Journal of General Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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