Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2018; 10(02): 200-207
DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_106_17
Original Article

Value of cytokeratin-19, Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms

Rajasekhar Sanuvada
Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Rukmangadha Nandyala
Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Amit Kumar Chowhan
Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Phaneendra Bobbidi
Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Mutheeswariah Yootla
Department of General Surgery, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Narendra Hulikal
Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Alok Sachan
Department of Endocrinolog, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship This study was financially supported by Sri Balaji Arogya Vara Prasadini Scheme of Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
› Further Information
Also available at
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of types and aggressiveness of thyroid cancers is difficult. The "gold standard" in diagnosis is using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Several markers have been investigated for differentiating them among which cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Hector Battifora mesothelial cell (HBME-1), and galectin-3 are found to be most commonly used. Most studies have evaluated the single expression of markers in various thyroid lesions.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To know the value of immunohistochemical expression of CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 in diagnosing thyroid neoplasms. To study the expression and compare the results of HBME-1, CK-19, and galectin-3 immunohistochemical markers in histopathologically diagnosed malignant lesions and nonmalignant lesions and demonstrate their usefulness in differentiating them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on thyroidectomy specimens sent in 10% buffered formalin to Department of Pathology, SVIMS, Tirupati, from May 2013 to August 2014. Sensitivity and specificity for each marker and their combination in diagnosis were calculated.

RESULTS: Among 120 cases, nonmalignant lesions were 70 (58.33%) and malignant lesions 50 (41.67%). Among nonmalignant lesions, 65 (93%) were adenomatous goiter and 5 (7%) were follicular adenomas. In malignant lesions, 48 (96%) were papillary carcinoma and 1 (2%) each of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Among papillary carcinomas, classical were 26 (54.16%) followed by 17 follicular variant (35.41%). Galectin-3 had highest sensitivity of 90% and HBME-1 had highest specificity of 97.14%.

CONCLUSIONS: Panel of HBME-1+ galectin-3 or CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 increase the accuracy of diagnosis in histopathologically difficult cases.

Keywords

Cytokeratin-19 - galectin-3 - Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 - malignant - nonmalignant - thyroid


Publication History

Received: 17 June 2017

Accepted: 19 November 2017

Article published online:
19 February 2020

© 2018.

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Papotti M, Rodriguez J, De Pompa R, Bartolazzi A, Rosai J. Galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in well-differentiated thyroid tumors with follicular architecture of uncertain malignant potential. Mod Pathol 2005;18:541-6.
  • 2 de Matos PS, Ferreira AP, de Oliveira Facuri F, Assumpção LV, Metze K, Ward LS, et al. Usefulness of HBME-1, cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Histopathology 2005;47:391-401.
  • 3 Nasr MR, Mukhopadhyay S, Zhang S, Katzenstein AL. Immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Utility of HBME1 combined with CK19 immunostaining. Mod Pathol 2006;19:1631-7.
  • 4 Ozolins A, Narbuts Z, Strumfa I, Volanska G, Stepanovs K, Gardovskis J, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of HBME-1, E-cadherin, and CD56 in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Medicina (Kaunas) 2012;48:507-14.
  • 5 Song Q, Wang D, Lou Y, Li C, Fang C, He X, et al. Diagnostic significance of CK19, TG, Ki67 and galectin-3 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Northeastern region of China. Diagn Pathol 2011;6:126.
  • 6 Anidi AI, Ejeckam GC, Ojukwu J, Ezekwesili RA. Histological pattern of thyroid diseases in Enugu, Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1983;60:546-50.
  • 7 Gitau W. An analysis of thyroid diseases seen at Kenyatta National Hospital. East Afr Med J 1975;52:564-70.
  • 8 Ahmad J, Hashmi MA, Naveed IA, Hussain A, Amin D. Spectrum of malignancies in Faisalabad 1986-1990. Pak J Pathol 1992;3:103-10.
  • 9 Lanier AP. Cancer incidence in Alaska natives. Comparison of two time periods, 1989-93 vs. 1969-73. Cancer 1998;83:1815-7.
  • 10 Gole SG, Satyanarayana V, Gole GN, Ramamurti T, Hayath MS, Desh Pande AK. Profile of thyroid neoplasms with special focus on interesting cases: A hospital based 12 year longitudinal study. Int J Pathol 2013;14:528-37.
  • 11 Thomas JO, Ogunbiyi JO. Thyroid cancers in Ibadan, Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1995;72:231-3.
  • 12 Khan AR, Hussain NK, Al-Saigh A, Malatani T, Sheikha AA. Pattern of cancer at Asir central hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 1991;11:285-8.
  • 13 Woolner LB, Lemmon ML, Beahrs OH, Black BM, Keating FR Jr. Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: A study of 140 cases observed in a 30-year period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1960;20:89-105.
  • 14 Scognamiglio T, Hyjek E, Kao J, Chen YT. Diagnostic usefulness of HBME1, galectin-3, CK19, and CITED1 and evaluation of their expression in encapsulated lesions with questionable features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2006;126:700-8.
  • 15 Cheung CC, Ezzat S, Freeman JL, Rosen IB, Asa SL. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2001;14:338-42.
  • 16 Khurana KK, Truong LD, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Cytokeratin 19 immunolocalization in cell block preparation of thyroid aspirates. An adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:579-83.
  • 17 Beesley MF, McLaren KM. Cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules. Histopathology 2002;41:236-43.
  • 18 Moon IP, Dae YK. Usefulness of galectin-3, cytokeratin 19, p53 and Ki-67 for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Korean J Pathol 2006;40:86-92.
  • 19 Kragsterman B, Grimelius L, Wallin G, PetraW, Henry J. Cytokeratin 19 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. App Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 1999;7:181.
  • 20 Stan V, Cornianu M, Lazar E, Dema A, Taban S, Golu I, et al. The value of ck19, ki-67 and p53 expression in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasms. TMJ 2011;62:59-64.
  • 21 Prasad ML, Pellegata NS, Huang Y, Nagaraja HN, de la Chapelle A, Kloos RT, et al. Galectin-3, fibronectin-1, CITED-1, HBME1 and cytokeratin-19 immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Mod Pathol 2005;18:48-57.
  • 22 Park YJ, Kwak SH, Kim DC, Kim H, Choe G, Park DJ, et al. Diagnostic value of galectin-3, HBME-1, cytokeratin 19, high molecular weight cytokeratin, cyclin D1 and p27(kip1) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. J Korean Med Sci 2007;22:621-8.
  • 23 Seçkin S, Karagece Ü. Expression of CK-19, cErbB2, galectin-3, and p53 in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Turk J Med Sci 2010;40:207-12.