Magnification in endodontics: A review of its application and acceptance among dental practitioners

Jun Fay Low; Tuti Ningseh Mohd Dom; Safura Anita Baharin

doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_248_18

European Journal of Dentistry, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2018; 12(04): 610-616
DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_248_18

Review Article

Dental Investigation Society

Magnification in endodontics: A review of its application and acceptance among dental practitioners

Jun Fay Low

¹Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Unit of Endodontology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

,

Tuti Ningseh Mohd Dom

²Centre for Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

,

Safura Anita Baharin

¹Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Unit of Endodontology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The application of magnification devices in endodontics is mainly meant for visual enhancement and improved ergonomics. This is crucial especially when long hours are spent in a narrow operating space to treat obscure microanatomy. Nevertheless, application of magnification in endodontics has yet to be introduced into the mainstream practice due to various influences in behavioral patterns. By conducting an extensive literature search in the PubMed database, this narrative review paper depicts the present state of magnification devices, their applications within the endodontic practice, factors that influence their usage, the advantages, and shortcomings, as well as the significances of magnification in the field of endodontics. This review paper will encourage clinicians to employ magnification in their practice for improved outcome.

Key words:

Endodontics - lenses - magnification - optics - photonics - visual acuity - visual aids

Volltext

Referenzen

REFERENCES
1 Held SA, Kao YH, Wells DW. Endoscope – An endodontic application. J Endod 1996; 22: 327-9
2 Erten H, Uçtasli MB, Akarslan ZZ, Uzun O, Semiz M. Restorative treatment decision making with unaided visual examination, intraoral camera and operating microscope. Oper Dent 2006; 31: 55-9
3 Brüllmann D, Schmidtmann I, Warzecha K, d'Hoedt B. Recognition of root canal orifices at a distance – A preliminary study of teledentistry. J Telemed Telecare 2011; 17: 154-7
4 Perrin P, Neuhaus KW, Lussi A. The impact of loupes and microscopes on vision in endodontics. Int Endod J 2014; 47: 425-9
5 Burton JF, Bridgman GF. Presbyopia and the dentist: The effect of age on clinical vision. Int Dent J 1990; 40: 303-12
6 Perrin P, Ramseyer ST, Eichenberger M, Lussi A. Visual acuity of dentists in their respective clinical conditions. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18: 2055-8
7 Eichenberger M, Perrin P, Ramseyer ST, Lussi A. Visual acuity and experience with magnification devices in Swiss dental practices. Oper Dent 2015; 40: E142-9
8 Eichenberger M, Perrin P, Neuhaus KW, Bringolf U, Lussi A. Visual acuity of dentists under simulated clinical conditions. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17: 725-9
9 Mines P, Loushine RJ, West LA, Liewehr FR, Zadinsky JR. Use of the microscope in endodontics: A report based on a questionnaire. J Endod 1999; 25: 755-8
10 Kersten DD, Mines P, Sweet M. Use of the microscope in endodontics: Results of a questionnaire. J Endod 2008; 34: 804-7
11 Forgie AH, Pine CM, Longbottom C, Pitts NB. The use of magnification in general dental practice in Scotland – A survey report. J Dent 1999; 27: 497-502
12 Farook SA, Stokes RJ, Davis AK, Sneddon K, Collyer J. Use of dental loupes among dental trainers and trainees in the UK. J Investig Clin Dent 2013; 4: 120-3
13 Burke FJ, Wilson NH, Christensen GJ, Cheung SW, Brunton PA. Contemporary dental practice in the UK: Demographic data and practising arrangements. Br Dent J 2005; 198: 39-43
14 Thomas J, Thomas FD. Dental hygienists' opinions about loupes in education. Am Dent Hyg Assoc 2007; 81: 81-2
15 Savani GM, Sabbah W, Sedgley CM, Whitten B. Current trends in endodontic treatment by general dental practitioners: Report of a United States national survey. J Endod 2014; 40: 618-24
16 Neukermans M, Vanobbergen J, De Bruyne M, Meire M. De Moor RJ. Endodontic performance by Flemish dentists: Have they evolved?. Int Endod J 2015; 48: 1112-21
17 Alrejaie M, Ibrahim NM, Malur MH, AlFouzan K. The use of dental operating microscopes by endodontists in the Middle East: A report based on a questionnaire. Saudi Endod J 2015; 5: 134
18 Ferreira AC, Frozoni M, Prado M, Gomes B, Signoretti F, De-Jesus-Soares A. Current trends in technological armamentarium and treatment among Brazilian endodontists. Brazilian J Oral Sci 2017; 16: 1-10
19 Topkara C, Özyürek T, Demiryürek EÖ, Bursalı T, Özler M. Attitudes, materials, and methods preferred in root canal treatment in Turkey: A survey. Priv Pact 2017; 142: 51-6
20 Shanelec DA. Optical principles of loupes. J Calif Dent Assoc 1992; 20: 25-32
21 Apotheker H, Jako GJ. A microscope for use in dentistry. J Microsurg 1981; 3: 7-10
22 AAE Special Committee to Develop a Microscope Position Paper. AAE position statement. Use of microscopes and other magnification techniques. J Endod 2012; 38: 1153-5
23 Forgie AH, Pine CM, Pitts NB. The use of magnification in a preventive approach to caries detection. Quintessence Int 2002; 33: 13-6
24 Clark DJ, Sheets CG, Paquette JM. Definitive diagnosis of early enamel and dentin cracks based on microscopic evaluation. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003; 15: 391-401
25 Mamoun JS, Napoletano D. Cracked tooth diagnosis and treatment: An alternative paradigm. Eur J Dent 2015; 9: 293-303
26 Mamoun JS. The maxillary molar endodontic access opening: A microscope-based approach. Eur J Dent 2016; 10: 439-46
27 de Carvalho MC. Zuolo ML. Orifice locating with a microscope. J Endod 2000; 26: 532-4
28 Schwarze T, Baethge C, Stecher T, Geurtsen W. Identification of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars using magnifying loupes or an operating microscope. Aust Endod J 2002; 28: 57-60
29 Karapinar-Kazandag M, Basrani BR, Friedman S. The operating microscope enhances detection and negotiation of accessory mesial canals in mandibular molars. J Endod 2010; 36: 1289-94
30 Friedman M, Mora AF, Schmidt R. Microscope-assisted precision dentistry. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1999; 20: 723-728 , 730-731 , 735-736
31 Goga R, Chandler NP, Oginni AO. Pulp stones: A review. Int Endod J 2008; 41: 457-68
32 Biswas M, Mazumdar D, Neyogi A. Non surgical perforation repair by mineral trioxide aggregate under dental operating microscope. J Conserv Dent 2011; 14: 83-5
33 Daoudi MF. Microscopic management of endodontic procedural errors: Perforation repair. Dent Update 2001; 28: 176-80
34 Nehme WB. Elimination of intracanal metallic obstructions by abrasion using an operational microscope and ultrasonics. J Endod 2001; 27: 365-7
35 Terauchi Y, O'Leary L, Suda H. Removal of separated files from root canals with a new file-removal system: Case reports. J Endod 2006; 32: 789-97
36 Gencoglu N, Helvacioglu D. Comparison of the different techniques to remove fractured endodontic instruments from root canal systems. Eur J Dent 2009; 3: 90-5
37 Kim S. Principles of endodontic microsurgery. Dent Clin North Am 1997; 41: 481-97
38 Buhrley LJ, Barrows MJ, BeGole EA, Wenckus CS. Effect of magnification on locating the MB2 canal in maxillary molars. J Endod 2002; 28: 324-7
39 Baldassari-Cruz LA, Lilly JP, Rivera EM. The influence of dental operating microscope in locating the mesiolingual canal orifice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 190-4
40 Alaçam T, Tinaz AC, Genç O, Kayaoglu G. Second mesiobuccal canal detection in maxillary first molars using microscopy and ultrasonics. Aust Endod J 2008; 34: 106-9
41 Paliwal A, Loomba K, Gaur TK, Jain A, Bains R, Vats A. et al. Dental Operating Microscope (DOM): An adjunct in locating the mesiolingual (mb2) canal orifice in maxillary first molars. Asian J Oral Heal Allied Sci 2011; 1: 175
42 Park E, Chehroudi B, Coil JM. Identification of possible factors impacting dental students' ability to locate MB2 canals in maxillary molars. J Dent Educ 2014; 78: 789-95
43 Nath KS, Shetty K. Comparative evaluation of second mesiobuccal canal detection in maxillary first molars using magnification and illumination. Saudi Endod J 2017; 7: 166
44 Slaton CC, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Parker MH, Kimbrough WF, Pashley DH. et al. Identification of resected root-end dentinal cracks: A comparative study of visual magnification. J Endod 2003; 29: 519-22
45 Merino EM, Machtou P. Endodontic Microsurgery. London: Quintessence; 2009
46 Kim S, Kratchman S, Karabucak B, Kohli M, Setzer F. Microsurgery in Endodontics. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2017
47 Hagge MS. Use of surgical telescopes by senior dental students: A survey. J Prosthodont 2003; 12: 271-9
48 Hayes MJ, Taylor JA, Smith DR. Introducing loupes to clinical practice: Dental hygienists experiences and opinions. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 14: 226-30
49 Alhazzazi TY, Alzebiani NA, Alotaibi SK, Bogari DF, Bakalka GT, Hazzazi LW. et al. Awareness and attitude toward using dental magnification among dental students and residents at King Abdulaziz university, faculty of dentistry. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17: 21
50 Kinomoto Y, Takeshige F, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Optimal positioning for a dental operating microscope during nonsurgical endodontics. J Endod 2004; 30: 860-2
51 Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Detection rate of root canal orifices with a microscope. J Endod 2002; 28: 452-3
52 Christensen GJ. Magnification in dentistry: Useful tool or another gimmick?. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 1647-50
53 Mamoun JS. A rationale for the use of high-powered magnification or microscopes in general dentistry. Gen Dent 2009; 57: 18-26
54 Bowers DJ, Glickman GN, Solomon ES, He J. Magnification's effect on endodontic fine motor skills. J Endod 2010; 36: 1135-8
55 Wong AW, Zhu X, Zhang S, Li SK, Zhang C, Chu CH. et al. Treatment time for non-surgical endodontic therapy with or without a magnifying loupe. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15: 40
56 Schirrmeister JF, Hermanns P, Meyer KM, Goetz F, Hellwig E. Detectability of residual epiphany and gutta-percha after root canal retreatment using a dental operating microscope and radiographs – An ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 558-65
57 de Mello Junior JE, Cunha RS, Bueno CE, Zuolo ML. Retreatment efficacy of gutta-percha removal using a clinical microscope and ultrasonic instruments: Part I – An ex vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: e59-62
58 Kim S, Kratchman S. Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: A review. J Endod 2006; 32: 601-23
59 Arens DE. Introduction to magnification in endodontics. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003; 15: 426-39
60 Wuchenich G, Meadows D, Torabinejad M. A comparison between two root end preparation techniques in human cadavers. J Endod 1994; 20: 279-82
61 Maillet JP, Millar AM, Burke JM, Maillet MA, Maillet WA, Neish NR. et al. Effect of magnification loupes on dental hygiene student posture. J Dent Educ 2008; 72: 33-44
62 Brown J, Burke FJ, Macdonald EB, Gilmour H, Hill KB, Morris AJ. et al. Dental practitioners and ill health retirement: Causes, outcomes and re-employment. Br Dent J 2010; 209: E7
63 Lindegård A, Nordander C, Jacobsson H, Arvidsson I. Opting to wear prismatic spectacles was associated with reduced neck pain in dental personnel: A longitudinal cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17: 347
64 Rubinstein R. The anatomy of the surgical operating microscope and operating positions. Dent Clin North Am 1997; 41: 391-413
65 Sitbon Y, Attathom St. T, Georges AJ. Minimal intervention dentistry II: Part 1 Contribution of the operating microscope to dentistry. Br Dent J 2014; 216: 125-30
66 Del Fabbro M, Taschieri S, Lodi G, Banfi G, Weinstein RL. Magnification devices for endodontic therapy. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2015; 12: CD005969
67 Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Testori T, Francetti L, Weinstein R. Endodontic surgery using 2 different magnification devices: Preliminary results of a randomized controlled study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64: 235-42
68 Monea M, Hantoiu T, Stoica A, Sita D, Sitaru A. The impact of operating microscope on the outcome of endodontic treatment performed by postgraduate students. Eur Sci J 2015; 11: 305-11
69 Khalighinejad N, Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Williams KA, Wang J, Mickel A. et al. The effect of the dental operating microscope on the outcome of nonsurgical root canal treatment: A retrospective case-control study. J Endod 2017; 43: 728-32
70 Wolcott J, Ishley D, Kennedy W, Johnson S, Minnich S, Meyers J. et al. A 5 yr clinical investigation of second mesiobuccal canals in endodontically treated and retreated maxillary molars. J Endod 2005; 31: 262-4
71 Setzer FC, Shah SB, Kohli MR, Karabucak B, Kim S. Outcome of endodontic surgery: A meta-analysis of the literature – Part 1: Comparison of traditional root-end surgery and endodontic microsurgery. J Endod 2010; 36: 1757-65