Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2017; 11(01): 022-028
DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_270_16
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

Effects of delivering the same radiant exposures at 730, 1450, and 2920 mW/cm2 to two resin-based composites

Maan M. AlShaafi
1   Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 September 2019 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the effects of curing two resin-based composites (RBC) with the same radiant exposures at 730, 1450, and 2920 mW/cm2. Materials and Methods: Two types of RBC, Filtek Supreme Ultra and Tetric-EvoCeram-Bulk Fill, were light-cured to deliver the same radiant exposures for 5, 10, or 20 s by means of a modified Valo light emitted diode light-curing unit with the light tip placed directly over each specimen. The RBC was expressed into metal rings that were 2.0 and 4.0 mm in thickness, directly on an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared plate heated to 33°C, and the degree of conversion (DC) of the RBC was recorded. The specimens were then removed and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) was tested at both the bottom and the top of each specimen. The KHN was tested again after 24 h and 7 days of storage in the dark at 37°C and 100% humidity. The DC and KHN results were analyzed with Fisher's protected least significant difference at α = 0.05. Results: The DC values for the specimens cured at the three different irradiance levels were similar. However, at different depths, there were differences in the DC values. In general, there were no clear differences among the samples cured in the three different groups, and the KHN was always greater 24 h and 7 days later (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the curing time, and as long as the samples were cured with the same radiant exposures, there were no significant effects on the DC and KHN of both RBCs.

Key words:

Bulk Fill - degree of conversion - Knoop microhardness - radiant exposures
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Mackey TK, Contreras JT, Liang BA. The minamata convention on mercury: Attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal. Sci Total Environ 2014; 472: 125-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Lynch CD, Opdam NJ, Hickel R, Brunton PA, Gurgan S, Kakaboura A. et al. Guidance on posterior resin composites: Academy of Operative Dentistry – European Section. J Dent 2014; 42: 377-83
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Vandewalle KS, Ferracane JL, Hilton TJ, Erickson RL, Sakaguchi RL. Effect of energy density on properties and marginal integrity of posterior resin composite restorations. Dent Mater 2004; 20: 96-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ferracane JL. Correlation between hardness and degree of conversion during the setting reaction of unfilled dental restorative resins. Dent Mater 1985; 1: 11-4
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Leprince JG, Palin WM, Hadis MA, Devaux J, Leloup G. Progress in dimethacrylate-based dental composite technology and curing efficiency. Dent Mater 2013; 29: 139-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Czasch P, Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical properties and degree of cure of bulk fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17: 227-35
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Scotti N, Venturello A, Migliaretti G, Pera F, Pasqualini D, Geobaldo F. et al. New-generation curing units and short irradiation time: The degree of conversion of microhybrid composite resin. Quintessence Int 2011; 42: 89-95
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Amato PA, Martins RP, dos Santos Cruz CA, Capella MV, Martins LP. Time reduction of light curing: Influence on conversion degree and microhardness of orthodontic composites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146: 40-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Komori PC, de Paula AB, Martin AA, Tango RN, Sinhoreti MA, Correr-Sobrinho L. Effect of light energy density on conversion degree and hardness of dual-cured resin cement. Oper Dent 2010; 35: 120-4
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Rueggeberg FA. State-of-the-art: Dental photocuring – A review. Dent Mater 2011; 27: 39-52
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Bani M, Tirali RE. Effect of new light curing units on microleakage and microhardness of resin sealants. Dent Mater J 2016; 35: 517-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Rencz A, Hickel R, Ilie N. Curing efficiency of modern LED units. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 16: 173-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Price RB, Felix CA, Andreou P. Third-generation vs. a second-generation LED curing light: Effect on Knoop microhardness. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2006; 27: 490-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Price RB, Labrie D, Rueggeberg FA, Sullivan B, Kostylev I, Fahey J. Correlation between the beam profile from a curing light and the microhardness of four resins. Dent Mater 2014; 30: 1345-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Shortall AC, Palin WM, Jacquot B, Pelissier B. Advances in light-curing units: Four generations of LED lights and clinical implications for optimizing their use: Part 2. From present to future. Dent Update 2012; 39: 13-7-20-2
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Anusavice KJ, Santos JD, Shen C, Phillips RW. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders; 2003
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Feng L, Suh B. Exposure reciprocity law in photopolymerization of multi-functional acrylates and methacrylates. Macromol Chem Phys 2007; 208: 295-306
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Selig D, Haenel T, Hausnerová B, Moeginger B, Labrie D, Sullivan B. et al. Examining exposure reciprocity in a resin based composite using high irradiance levels and real-time degree of conversion values. Dent Mater 2015; 31: 583-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hadis M, Leprince JG, Shortall AC, Devaux J, Leloup G, Palin WM. High irradiance curing and anomalies of exposure reciprocity law in resin-based materials. J Dent 2011; 39: 549-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Halvorson RH, Erickson RL, Davidson CL. Energy dependent polymerization of resin-based composite. Dent Mater 2002; 18: 463-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Schneider LF, Consani S, Ogliari F, Correr AB, Sobrinho LC, Sinhoreti MA. Effect of time and polymerization cycle on the degree of conversion of a resin composite. Oper Dent 2006; 31: 489-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Leprince JG, Hadis M, Shortall AC, Ferracane JL, Devaux J, Leloup G. et al. Photoinitiator type and applicability of exposure reciprocity law in filled and unfilled photoactive resins. Dent Mater 2011; 27: 157-64
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Palin WM, Hadis MA, Leprince JG, Leloup G, Boland L, Fleming GJ. et al. Reduced polymerization stress of MAPO-containing resin composites with increased curing speed, degree of conversion and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30: 507-16
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Ilie N, Stark K. Effect of different curing protocols on the mechanical properties of low-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19: 271-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Tarle Z, Meniga A, Ristic M, Sutalo J, Pichler G. Polymerization of composites using pulsed laser. Eur J Oral Sci 1995; 103: 394-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Giorgi MC, Lima DA, Marchi GM, Ambrosano GM, Aguiar FH. Influence of softening test and light-activation protocols on resin composite polymer structure. Eur J Dent 2014; 8: 9-14
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Erickson RL, Barkmeier WW, Halvorson RH. Curing characteristics of a composite – Part 1: Cure depth relationship to conversion, hardness and radiant exposure. Dent Mater 2014; 30: 125-33
    Google Scholar
  • 28 Piva E, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MA, Consani S, Demarco FF, Powers JM. Influence of energy density of different light sources on Knoop hardness of a dual-cured resin cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 16: 189-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Yoon TH, Lee YK, Lim BS, Kim CW. Degree of polymerization of resin composites by different light sources. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 1165-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Hofmann N, Hugo B, Klaiber B. Effect of irradiation type (LED or QTH) on photo-activated composite shrinkage strain kinetics, temperature rise, and hardness. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110: 471-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Sobrinho LC, Goes MF, Consani S, Sinhoreti MA, Knowles JC. Correlation between light intensity and exposure time on the hardness of composite resin. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2000; 11: 361-4
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Dewaele M, Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, Munksgaard EC, Benetti AR, Finné G. et al. Influence of curing protocol on selected properties of light-curing polymers: Degree of conversion, volume contraction, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperature. Dent Mater 2009; 25: 1576-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Gonzalez MR, Poskus LT, Sampaio Filho HR, Perez CR. Influence of irradiance and exposure time on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of a conventional and silorane composite. Indian J Dent Res 2013; 24: 719-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Price RB, Felix CA, Andreou P. Effects of resin composite composition and irradiation distance on the performance of curing lights. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 4465-77
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Halvorson RH, Erickson RL, Davidson CL. Polymerization efficiency of curing lamps: A universal energy conversion relationship predictive of conversion of resin-based composite. Oper Dent 2004; 29: 105-11
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Halvorson RH, Erickson RL, Davidson CL. An energy conversion relationship predictive of conversion profiles and depth of cure for resin-based composite. Oper Dent 2003; 28: 307-14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Randolph LD, Palin WM, Bebelman S, Devaux J, Gallez B, Leloup G. et al. Ultra-fast light-curing resin composite with increased conversion and reduced monomer elution. Dent Mater 2014; 30: 594-604
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Santini A, Miletic V, Swift MD, Bradley M. Degree of conversion and microhardness of TPO-containing resin-based composites cured by polywave and monowave LED units. J Dent 2012; 40: 577-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent 2014; 42: 993-1000
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 El-Safty S, Akhtar R, Silikas N, Watts DC. Nanomechanical properties of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater 2012; 28: 1292-300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Garcia D, Yaman P, Dennison J, Neiva G. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk fill flowable composite resins. Oper Dent 2014; 39: 441-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: Is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials?. Dent Mater 2012; 28: 521-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Harlow JE, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Sullivan B, Price RB. Transmission of violet and blue light through conventional (layered) and bulk cured resin-based composites. J Dent 2016; 53: 44-50
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Ozcan S, Yikilgan I, Uctasli MB, Bala O, Kurklu ZG. Comparison of time-dependent changes in the surface hardness of different composite resins. Eur J Dent 2013; 7 (Suppl. 01) e20-5
    Google Scholar
  • 45 Watts DC, Amer OM, Combe EC. Surface hardness development in light-cured composites. Dent Mater 1987; 3: 265-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Leprince J, Lamblin G, Truffier-Boutry D, Demoustier-Champagne S, Devaux J, Mestdagh M. et al. Kinetic study of free radicals trapped in dental resins stored in different environments. Acta Biomater 2009; 5: 2518-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Truffier-Boutry D, Demoustier-Champagne S, Devaux J, Biebuyck JJ, Mestdagh M, Larbanois P. et al. A physico-chemical explanation of the post-polymerization shrinkage in dental resins. Dent Mater 2006; 22: 405-12
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Malacarne J, Carvalho RM, de Goes MF, Svizero N, Pashley DH, Tay FR. et al. Water sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 2006; 22: 973-80
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar