Utility of Cluster of Differentiation 5 and Cluster of Differentiation 117 Immunoprofile in Distinguishing Thymic Carcinoma from Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study on 1800 Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cases

Vidya Jha; Preeti Sharma; Ashish Mandal

doi:10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_148_16

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 38(04): 430-433
DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_148_16

Original Article

Utility of Cluster of Differentiation 5 and Cluster of Differentiation 117 Immunoprofile in Distinguishing Thymic Carcinoma from Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study on 1800 Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cases

Vidya Jha

Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India

,

Preeti Sharma

Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India

,

Ashish Mandal

Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

PDF Download

Abstract

Background: Mediastinum harbors a mixed bag of neoplastic lesions with varied therapeutic and prognostic implications. Distinguishing pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma from thymic carcinoma is a challenging task owing to rather nonspecific clinicoradiological features and a considerable overlap in histomorphological features. Thus, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) and CD117 immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing these tumors. Materials and Methods: The archives of department of histopathology were retrospectively reviewed from June 2012 to May 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 1800 cases diagnosed as nonsmall cell lung carcinoma were retrieved, and immunohistochemical expression of CD5 and CD117 was evaluated in these cases. Results: Adenocarcinoma (980; 54.44%) was the mostcommon histological subtype of lung carcinoma observed in our study. CD117 was positive in 171 out of 1800 cases (9.5%) of which 120 cases (70.17%) were adenocarcinoma, followed by 40 cases (23.4%) of squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for CD5 was observed in 209 cases (11.61%), 200 (95.7%) cases of which were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. None of the cases diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma on histomorphology showed CD5 immunoexpression. Conclusion: While thymic squamous cell carcinomas are well known for CD5 and CD117 coexpression, none of the cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in lung express CD5. These markers are a diagnostic tool to distinguish a primary lung squamous cell carcinoma from thymic carcinoma, particularly in the setting of a central pulmonary lesion with mediastinal involvement.

Keywords

Cluster of differentiation 117 - cluster of differentiation 5 - nonsmall cell lung cancer - thymic carcinoma

PDF (1085 kb)

References

References
1 Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62:10-29.
2 Okada M. Subtyping lung adenocarcinoma according to the novel 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification: Correlation with patient prognosis. Thorac Surg Clin 2013;23:179-86.
3 Nakamura H, Saji H. Worldwide trend of increasing primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Surg Today 2014;44:1004-12.
4 Travis WD, Brambilla E, Riely GJ. New pathologic classification of lung cancer: Relevance for clinical practice and clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:992-1001.
5 Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG, Geisinger K, Yatabe Y, et al. Diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in resected specimens: Implications of the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013;137:685-705.
6 Castle SM, Salas N, Leveillee RJ. Radio-frequency ablation helps preserve nephrons in salvage of failed microwave ablation for a renal cancer in a solitary kidney. Urol Ann 2013;5:42-4.
7 Tang ER, Schreiner AM, Pua BB. Advances in lung adenocarcinoma classification: A summary of the new international multidisciplinary classification system (IASLC/ATS/ERS). J Thorac Dis 2014;6 Suppl 5:S489-501.
8 Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG, editors. WHO Classification of Tumours of Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. France: IARC Press; 2015.
9 Kriegsmann M, Muley T, Harms A, Tavernar L, Goldmann T, Dienemann H, et al. Differential diagnostic value of CD5 and CD117 expression in thoracic tumors: A large scale study of 1465 non-small cell lung cancer cases. Diagn Pathol 2015;10:210.
10 Syrios J, Diamantis N, Fergadis E, Katsaros L, Logothetis M, Iakovidou I, et al. Advances in thymic carcinoma diagnosis and treatment: A review of literature. Med Oncol 2014;31:44.
11 Marx A, Rieker R, Toker A, Länger F, Ströbel P. Thymic carcinoma: Is it a separate entity? From molecular to clinical evidence. Thorac Surg Clin 2011;21:25-31. v-vi.
12 Yoneda KY, Louie S, Shelton DK. Mediastinal tumors. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001;7:226-33.
13 Heinrich MC, Rubin BP, Longley BJ, Fletcher JA. Biology and genetic aspects of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: KIT activation and cytogenetic alterations. Hum Pathol 2002;33:484-95.
14 Holst VA, Marshall CE, Moskaluk CA, Frierson HF Jr. KIT protein expression and analysis of c-kit gene mutation in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mod Pathol 1999;12:956-60.
15 Palmu S, Söderström KO, Quazi K, Isola J, Salminen E. Expression of C-KIT and HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptors in poor-prognosis breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2002;22:411-4.
16 Araki K, Ishii G, Yokose T, Nagai K, Funai K, Kodama K, et al. Frequent overexpression of the c-kit protein in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2003;40:173-80.
17 Micke P, Basrai M, Faldum A, Bittinger F, Rönnstrand L, Blaukat A, et al. Characterization of c-kit expression in small cell lung cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:188-94.
18 Naeem M, Dahiya M, Clark JI, Creech SD, Alkan S. Analysis of c-kit protein expression in small-cell lung carcinoma and its implication for prognosis. Hum Pathol 2002;33:1182-7.
19 Van de Velde H, von Hoegen I, Luo W, Parnes JR, Thielemans K. The B-cell surface protein CD72/Lyb-2 is the ligand for CD5. Nature 1991;351:662-5.
20 Luo W, Van de Velde H, von Hoegen I, Parnes JR, Thielemans K. Ly-1 (CD5), a membrane glycoprotein of mouse T lymphocytes and a subset of B cells, is a natural ligand of the B cell surface protein Lyb-2 (CD72). J Immunol 1992;148:1630-4.
21 Hishima T, Fukayama M, Fujisawa M, Hayashi Y, Arai K, Funata N, et al. CD5 expression in thymic carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1994;145:268-75.
22 Pan CC, Chen PC, Chiang H. KIT (CD117) is frequently overexpressed in thymic carcinomas but is absent in thymomas. J Pathol 2004;202:375-81.
23 Nakagawa K, Matsuno Y, Kunitoh H, Maeshima A, Asamura H, Tsuchiya R. Immunohistochemical KIT (CD117) expression in thymic epithelial tumors. Chest 2005;128:140-4.
24 Asirvatham JR, Esposito MJ, Bhuiya TA. Role of PAX-8, CD5, and CD117 in distinguishing thymic carcinoma from poorly differentiated lung carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014;22:372-6.
25 Butnor KJ, Burchette JL, Sporn TA, Hammar SP, Roggli VL. The spectrum of Kit (CD117) immunoreactivity in lung and pleural tumors: A study of 96 cases using a single-source antibody with a review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128:538-43.
26 Thomas de Montpréville V, Ghigna MR, Lacroix L, Besse B, Broet P, Dartevelle P, et al. Thymic carcinomas: Clinicopathologic study of 37 cases from a single institution. Virchows Arch 2013;462:307-13.