Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019; 40(03): 369-373
DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_180_17
Original Article

Clinicopathological Profile of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Senjuti Dasgupta
Department of Pathology, Medical College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Sudipta Chakrabarti
Department of Pathology, ESI PGIMSR, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Asit Ranjan Deb
Department of Radiotherapy, Medical College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes one of the most common malignancies in the world. The geographic location influences the etiologic factors and site of tumor. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to illustrate the clinicopathologic profiles of HNSCC patients since data regarding these tumors from eastern region of India are scarce. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was undertaken for 2 years in which patients with histologically proven HNSCC were included. The clinicopathologic features of each case were analyzed. Results: A total of 108 cases were included in the study, among which 79 (73.15%) were male and 29 (26.85%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 53.21 (±12.17) years. The most common risk factor was smoking (63 cases, 58.33%) followed by tobacco or betel nut chewing (41 cases, 37.96%). The common patterns of presentation included ulcerated lesion (51 cases, 47.22%), whitish lesion (28 cases, 25.93%), and hoarseness of voice (11 cases, 10.19%). The most common sites involved were buccal mucosa (36 cases, 33.33%) and dorsal surface of the tongue (26 cases, 24.07%). The most common site for exophytic tumors was buccal mucosa (9 out of 23, 39.13%) and that for ulceroproliferative lesions was tongue (9 out of 17, 52.04%). Microscopically, well-differentiated (Grade I) tumors were most common (67 cases, 62.04%) followed by moderately differentiated (Grade II) tumors (38 cases, 35.19%). A statistically significant correlation was obtained between anatomic site and grade of the tumor. Conclusion: Patients of HNSCC from the eastern region of India have distinctive features with regard to macroscopic appearance and microscopic grade of their tumors.

Keywords

Anatomical distribution - demographic pattern - head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - histopathological grade - risk factors


Publication History

Received: 14 September 2017

Accepted: 21 June 2018

Article published online:
03 June 2021

© 2019. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Vokes EE, Weichselbaum RR, Lippman SM, Hong WK. Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 184-94
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Sankaranarayanan R, Masuyer E, Swaminathan R, Ferlay J, Whelan S. Head and neck cancer: A global perspective on epidemiology and prognosis. Anticancer Res 1998; 18: 4779-86
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Teppo L, Thomas DB. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. editors. IARC Scientific Publisheds No. 155 8. Lyon: IARC; 2002
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Coleman M, Estève J, Damiecki P, Arslan A, Renard H. Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality. IARC Scientific Publisheds 121. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1993: 27-38
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Menvielle G, Luce D, Goldberg P, Bugel I, Leclerc A. Smoking, alcohol drinking and cancer risk for various sites of the larynx and hypopharynx. A case-control study in France. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13: 165-72
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Thomas G, Hashibe M, Jacob BJ, Ramadas K, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R. et al. Risk factors for multiple oral premalignant lesions. Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 285-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Noguchi M, Kinjyo H, Kohama GI, Nakamori K. Invasive front in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Image and flow cytometric analysis with clinicopathologic correlation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 682-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JB, Tavares AS, Luz PS, Santos TC. et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single oral pathology service during an 8-year period. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21: 460-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors – Pathology & Genetics – Head and Neck Tumors. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, Preston-Martin S. et al. Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 3282-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Addala L, Pentapati CK, Reddy Thavanati PK, Anjaneyulu V, Sadhnani MD. Risk factor profiles of head and neck cancer patients of Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J Cancer 2012; 49: 215-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V, Eluf Neto J, Shangina O, Zaridze D. et al. Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus: Results of two multicentric case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166: 1159-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14: 467-75
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Kruse AL, Bredell M, Grätz KW. Oral cancer in men and women: Are there differences?. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 15: 51-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Llewellyn CD, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young people – A comprehensive literature review. Oral Oncol 2001; 37: 401-18
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Johnson NW, Jayasekara P, Amarasinghe AA. Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the oral cavity: Epidemiology and aetiology. Periodontol 2000 2011; 57: 19-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Shenoi R, Devrukhkar V, Chaudhuri NA, Sharma BK, Sapre SB, Chikhale A. et al. Demographic and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A retrospective study. Indian J Cancer 2012; 49: 21-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Effiom OA, Adeyemo WL, Omitola OG, Ajayi OF, Emmanuel MM, Gbotolorun OM. et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A clinicopathologic review of 233 cases in Lagos, Nigeria. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66: 1595-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar