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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · South Asian J Cancer 2018; 07(03): 183-187
DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_15_18
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Head and Neck Cancer

The epidemiology, treatment, and determinants of outcome of primary head and neck cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital

Authors

  • Adeyi A. Adoga

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Daniel D. Kokong

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Nuhu D. Ma’an

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Olugbenga A. Silas

    Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Ayuba M. Dauda

    Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • John P. Yaro

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Joyce G. Mugu

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Chukwunonso J. Mgbachi

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Caleb J. Yabak

    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Source of Support: Nill.
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Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment, and factors that determine the outcomes of head and neck cancers (HNC). Patients and Methods: Retrospective analytical review of HNC managed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between May 2007 and April 2017 using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Results: Of 487 head and neck neoplasms, 129 (26.5%) were malignant and 122 health records met the criteria for analysis consisting of 83 (68.0%) males and 39 (32.0%) females aged 13 years to 85 years (mean = 51 years; standard deviation = ±16.0 years). The most common presenting feature was nasal obstruction (n = 47; 38.5%). The most common tumor site was the nasopharynx (n = 34; 27.9%). Mean duration of symptoms was 13.3 months. Alcohol (P = 0.02), cigarette smoking (P = 0.01), and cooking wood smoke (P = 0.01) were associated with advanced tumor stage. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type. Posttreatment complication rate was 47.5%. Lost to follow-up rate was 55.7%. The lungs were the most common distant metastatic site. The case fatality rate was 18.0%. Conclusion: HNC constitutes almost a quarter of head and neck tumors affecting twice the number of males in their sixth decade with nasopharyngeal cancers being the most common in both genders. Several modifiable variables are noted to target appropriate future cancer education for lifestyle modification, screening for early detection and treatment.

Key words

Determinants - epidemiology - head and neck cancer - Jos-Nigeria - outcomes


Publication History

Article published online:
22 December 2020

© 2018. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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