Subscribe to RSS
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200085
Comparative analysis of sleep patterns and attention components in high school and college adolescents
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00056804/2021S01/lookinside/thumbnails/10-5935-1984-0063-20200085_20200085-1.jpg)
ABSTRACT
Adolescence is a phase with physiological and behavioral changes. One of them occurs in the sleep-wake cycle pattern, manifested by a phase delay. However, morning school start time can decrease sleep duration during weekdays, impairing adolescent cognitive performance and well-being. Adolescents of different ages and educational level might suffer the impact of academic demand on sleep-wake cycle and cognition differently. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the sleep habits and quality, sleepiness upon awakening and attention components among adolescents in the first years of high school and college. 71 adolescents participated in the study (45 girls and 26 boys), 44 enrolled in high school morning classes (G1 - 15.5±0.7 years), from a private school, and 27 college students enrolled in morning classes (G2 - 18.8±1.04 years), from biosciences courses from a public institution. The groups did not differ in bedtime, get up time, time in bed and sleep irregularity. However, both groups showed differences according to the day of the week, bedtime and get up time became later and time in bed extended on weekends. G1 presented worse sleep quality and regarding attention, showed higher percentage of omissions in all components and worse performance in sustained attention (ANOVA, p<0.05). The poorer sleep quality of high school adolescents and reduced attention may have a negative effect on school performance. Additional studies are needed to investigate the causes of these differences between these two educational levels.
Publication History
Received: 30 April 2020
Accepted: 24 November 2020
Article published online:
30 November 2023
© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
-
REFERENCES
- 1 Carskadon MA. Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;58(3):637-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.003
- 2 Crowley SJ, Wolfson AR, Tarokh L, Carskadon MA. An update on adolescent sleep: new evidence informing the perfect storm model. J Adolesc. 2018 Aug;67:55-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001
- 3 Illingworth G. The challenges of adolescent sleep. Interface Focus. 2020 Apr;10(3):20190080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0080
- 4 Borbély AA. A two process model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol. 1982;1(3):195-204.
- 5 Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T. The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res. 2016 Jan;25(2):131-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12371
- 6 Moore RY. Circadian rhythms: basic neurobiology and clinical applications. Annu Rev Med. 1997;48:253-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.253
- 7 Taylor DJ, Jenni OG, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: Insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. J Sleep Res. 2005 Aug;14(3):239-44. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x
- 8 Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Pramstaller PP, Ricken J, Havel M, Guth A, et al. A marker for the end of adolescence. Curr Biol. 2004 Dec;14(24):R1038-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039
- 9 Urbanek JK, Spira A P, Di J, Leroux A, Crainiceanu C, Zipunnikov V. Epidemiology of objectively measured bedtime and chronotype in US adolescents and adults: NHANES 2003-2006. Chronobiol Int. 2018 Mar;35(3):416-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1411359
- 10 Nowack K, Van Der Meer E. The synchrony effect revisited: chronotype, time of day and cognitive performance in a semantic analogy task. Chronobiol Int. 2018 Nov;35(12):1647-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1500477
- 11 Vitale JA, Roveda E, Montaruli A, Galasso L, Weydahl A, Caumo A, et al. Chronotype influences activity circadian rhythm and sleep: differences in sleep quality between weekdays and weekend. Chronobiol Int. 2015 Apr;32(3):405-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2014.986273
- 12 Roenneberg T, Pilz LK, Zerbini G, Winnebeck EC. Chronotype and social jetlag: a (self-) critical review. Biology (Basel). 2019 Sep;8(3):54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8030054
- 13 Loessl B, Valerius G, Kopasz M, Hornyak M, Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Are adolescents chronically sleep-deprived? An investigation of sleep habits of adolescents in the Southwest of Germany. Child Care Health Dev. 2008 Sep;34(5):549-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00845.x
- 14 Van Den Bulck J. Television viewing, computer game playing, and internet use and self-reported time to bed and time out of bed in secondary-school children. Sleep. 2004 Feb;27(1):101-4. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.1.101
- 15 Higuchi S, Motohashi Y, Liu Y, Ahara M, Kaneko Y. Effects of VDT tasks with a bright display at night on melatonin, core temperature, heart rate, and sleepiness. J Appl Physiol. 2003 May;94(5):1773-6. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00616.2002
- 16 Liu Y, Zhang J, Li SX, Chan NY, Yu MWM, Lam S P, et al. Excessive daytime sleepiness among children and adolescents: prevalence, correlates, and pubertal effects. Sleep Med. 2019 Jan;53:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.028
- 17 Meldrum RC, Restivo E. The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among U.S. high school students: relative deprivation matters. Prev Med. 2014 Jun;63:24-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.006
- 18 Goel N. Neurobehavioral effects and biomarkers of sleep loss in healthy adults. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017 Sep;17:89. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/s11910-017-0799-x
- 19 Valdez P, Ramírez C, García A, Talamantes J, Armijo P, Borrani J. Circadian rhythms in components of attention. Biol Rhythm Res. 2005;36(1-2):57-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09291010400028633
- 20 Rafal RD, Posner MI. Deficits in human visual spatial attention following thalamic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7349-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.20.7349
- 21 Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Dev. 1998 Aug;69(4):875-87.
- 22 Trockel MT, Barnes MD, Egget DL. Health-related variables and academic performance among first-year college students: Implications for sleep and other behaviors. J Am Coll Health. 2000 Nov;49(3):125-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480009596294
- 23 Díaz-Morales JF, Escribano C. Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(6):822-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1041599
- 24 Haraszti RÁ, Ella K, Gyöngyösi N, Roenneberg T, Káldi K. Social jetlag negatively correlates with academic performance in undergraduates. Chronobiol Int. 2014 Jun;31(5):603-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2013.879164
- 25 Mathias A, Mendonça MP, Andrade MMM. Incentivar hábitos de sono adequados: um desafio para educadores. Núcleo Ensino da Unesp. 2006;718-31.
- 26 Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
- 27 Belísio AS. Padrões temporais de sono, sonolência diurna e os componentes da atenção em crianças que estudam nos turnos da manhã e da tarde na educação infantil [thesis]. Natal (RN): Universdade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; 2014.
- 28 Andrade MM, Benedito-Silva AA, Domenice S, Arnhold IJ, Menna-Barreto L. Sleep characteristics of adolescents: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health. 1993 Jul;14(5):401-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(08)80016-x
- 29 Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Sebastiani T, Ottaviano S. Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence. J Sleep Res. 2002 Sep;11(3):191-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x
- 30 Almondes KM, Araújo JF. Padrão do ciclo sono-vigília e sua relação com a ansiedade em estudantes universitários. Estud Psicol. 2003 Apr;1(8):37-43.
- 31 Valdez P, Ramírez C, García A. Delaying and extending sleep during weekends: sleep recovery or circadian effect?. Chronobiol Int. 1996;13(3):191-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529609012652
- 32 Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015 Mar;1(1):40-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
- 33 Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Jenni OG. Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1021(1):276-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.032
- 34 Owens J. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics. 2014 Sep;134(3):e921-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1696
- 35 Mesquita G, Reimão R. Nightly use of computer by adolescents: its effect on quality of sleep. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2007 Jun;65(2B):428-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000300012
- 36 Figueiro MG, Lesniak NZ, Rea MS. Implications of controlled short-wavelength light exposure for sleep in older adults. BMC Res Notes. 2011 Sep;4:334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-334
- 37 Durmer JS, Dinges DF. Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Semin Neurol. 2005 Mar;25(1):117-29. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1055/s-2005-867080
- 38 Valdez P, Ramírez C, García A. Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: implications for neuropsychological assessment. Chrono Physiology Ther. 2012 Dec;2:81-92.
- 39 Cohen RA, O’Donnell B F. Models and mechanisms of attention. In: The neuropsychology of attention. Critical Issues in neuropsychology. Boston: Springer; 1993. p. 177-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7463-1_8
- 40 Sarter M, Givens B, Bruno J P. The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2001 Apr;35(2):146-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00044-3
- 41 Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bögels SM. The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Jun;14(3):179-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004
- 42 Shochat T , Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O. Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2014 Feb;18(1):75-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.005
- 43 Dutil C, Walsh JJ, Featherstone RB, Gunnell KE, Tremblay MS, Gruber R, et al. Influence of sleep on developing brain functions and structures in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Dec;42:184-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.08.003
- 44 Mitru G, Millrood DL, Mateika JH. The impact of sleep on learning and behavior in adolescents. Teach Coll Rec. 2002;104(4):704-26.
- 45 Santos AKR, Mineiro HG, Cruz LCR, Santos LGR, Silveira MF, Pinho L. Síndrome de burnout e estilo de vida em estudantes de ensino médio. Rev Port Enferm Saúde Ment. 2019 Jun;(21):16-22. DOI: https://doi. org/10.19131/rpesm.0233
- 46 Marques CP, Gasparotto GS, Coelho R W. Stress level related factors in adolescent students: a systematic review. Salusvita. 2015;34(1):99-108.