PDF icon Download PDF
Open Access
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2021; 14(04): 379-384
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200120
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Polysomnographic survey of sleep architecture in patients with methamphetamine dependence during remission

Amir Rezaei-Ardani
1   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry - Mashhad - Khorasan Razavi - Iran.
,
Fariborz Rezaei-Talab
2   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Neurology - Mashhad - Khorasan Razavi - Iran.
,
Lahya Afshari-Saleh
3   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Occupational Medicine - Mashhad - Khorasan Razavi - Iran.
,
Hadi Asad-Pour
2   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Neurology - Mashhad - Khorasan Razavi - Iran.
,
Zahra Amjadi-Goojgi
1   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry - Mashhad - Khorasan Razavi - Iran.
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available ateRef
  Permissions and Reprints
Preview

Introduction Methamphetamine dependence is common in the world. Methamphetamine affects sleep architecture through changes in the monoaminergic activity of the brain. Limited studies investigated the sleep architecture in patients with methamphetamine dependence during prolonged abstinence. Therefore, this study investigated the sleep architecture of methamphetamine ex-users in the remission phase by polysomnography.

Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted during 2015-2017 in Mashhad, Iran. 12 methamphetamine ex-users in early full remission phase were selected from residential treatment centers through the convenient sampling method. The clinical interview was made to confirm the diagnosis and assess the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed urine dipstick tests to detect any relapses. Participants underwent a one-night polysomnographic evaluation, voluntarily. The collected data were analyzed by independent sample t-test and chi-square test, using SPSS-16. The level of significance was less than .05.

Results The mean total sleep time of participants was significantly lower than the total sleep period (333.6±79.1 vs. 403.0±52.9 minutes, respectively; p=0.001), leading to a significant low sleep efficiency (75.7±14.4%, p=0.047). Evaluation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep showed a significant increase in the REM latency compared to the healthy population (p<0.001). Stages 1 and 3 of non-REM sleep were increased compared to the healthy population, too (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).

Conclusion Former methamphetamine users continue to experience some long-term abnormalities in sleep architecture a few months after drug cessation

Sleep - Sleep stages - Methamphetamine - Polysomnography


Publication History

Received: 29 September 2020

Accepted: 20 February 2021

Article published online:
30 November 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Byun E, Lerdal A, Gay CL, Lee KA. How adult caregiving impacts sleep: a systematic review. Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2016;2(4):191-205.
  • 2 Szentkirályi A, Madarász CZ, Novák M. Sleep disorders: impact on daytime functioning and quality of life. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2009 Feb;9(1):49-64.
  • 3 Hafner M, Stepanek M, Taylor J, Troxel WM, Van Stolk C. Why sleep matters-the economic costs of insufficient sleep: a cross-country comparative analysis. Rand Health Q. 2017 Jan;6(4):11.
  • 4 Ardani AR, Saghebi SA, Nahidi M, Zeynalian F. Does abstinence resolve poor sleep quality in former methamphetamine dependents?. Sleep Sci. 2016 Sep;9(3):255-60.
  • 5 Brühl AB, d’Angelo C, Sahakian BJ. Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?. Brain Neurosci Adv. 2019 Dec;3:2398212818816018.
  • 6 McKelvie MA, Gercek Y. Paralytic ileus secondary to methamphetamine abuse: a rare case. Case Rep Surg. 2017 Aug;2017:9762803.
  • 7 Jones CM, Compton WM, Mustaquim D. Patterns and characteristics of methamphetamine use among adults - United States, 2015-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Mar;69(12):317-23.
  • 8 Rose SJ, Hathcock MA, White WM, Borowski K, Rivera-Chiauzzi EY. Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine and pregnancy: neonatal outcomes after prenatal prescription mixed amphetamine exposure. J Atten Disord. 2020 Jan 13; [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054719896857
  • 9 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Methamphetamine continues to dominate synthetic drug markets [Internet]. New York: Global SMART Update/UNODC Research; 2018; [access in 2020 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.unodc.org/ documents/scientific/Global_Smart_Update_20_web.pdf
  • 10 Faraone SV. The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Feb;87:255-70.
  • 11 Roehrs T, Roth T. Medication and substance abuse. In: Kryger M, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. p. 1380-9.e4.
  • 12 Rechtschaffen A, Maron L. The effect of amphetamine on the sleep cycle. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1964 May;16:438-45.
  • 13 Watson R, Hartmann E, Schildkraut JJ. Amphetamine withdrawal: affective state, sleep patterns, and MHPG excretion. Am J Psychiatry. 1972 Sep;129(3):263-9.
  • 14 Gossop MR, Bradley BP, Brewis RK. Amphetamine withdrawal and sleep disturbance. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1982 Nov;10(2-3):177-83.
  • 15 Perez AY, Kirkpatrick MG, Gunderson EW, Marrone G, Silver R, Foltin RW, et al. Residual effects of intranasal methamphetamine on sleep, mood, and performance. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Apr;94(1-3):258-62.
  • 16 Cruickshank CC, Dyer KR. A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine. Addiction. 2009 Jul;104(7):1085-99.
  • 17 Kiyatkin EA, Sharma HS. Breakdown of blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers during acute methamphetamine intoxication: role of brain temperature. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15(9):1129-38.
  • 18 Northrop NA, Yamamoto BK. Methamphetamine effects on bloodbrain barrier structure and function. Front Neurosci. 2015 Mar;9:69.
  • 19 Jenner L, Lee N. Treatment approaches for users of methamphetamine: a practical guide for frontline workers. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; 2008.
  • 20 American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) [Internet]. 4th ed. Washington: APA; 2000; [access in 2020 Jun 12]. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id;evvAhaPGqVQC&pg;PA108&lpg;PA108&dq;DSM+IV+TR+early+full+remission+criteria+for+substance+abuse&source;bl&ots;aUvcFSX6jX&sig;ACfU3U01OZd7F3L1iXam8OtGSmqxKL5pQg&hl;en&sa;X&ved;2ahUKEwi0yKDD1PvpAhVINOwKHaeVA9gQ6AEwD3oECAkQAQ#v;onepage&q;DSM%20IV%20TR%20early%20full%20remission%20criteria%20for%20substance%20abuse&f;false
  • 21 Shrivastava D, Jung S, Saadat M, Sirohi R, Crewson K. How to interpret the results of a sleep study. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2014 Nov;4(5):24983.
  • 22 McGregor C, Srisurapanont M, Jittiwutikarn J, Laobhripatr S, Wongtan T, White JM. The nature, time course and severity of methamphetamine withdrawal. Addiction. 2005 Sep;100(9):1320-9.
  • 23 Brower KJ, Perron BE. Sleep disturbance as a universal risk factor for relapse in addictions to psychoactive substances. Med Hypotheses. 2010 May;74(5):928-33.
  • 24 Roth T, Workshop Participants. Does effective management of sleep disorders reduce substance dependence?. Drugs. 2009;69(Suppl 2):65-75.
  • 25 Fathi HR, Yoonessi A, Khatibi A, Rezaeitalab F, Rezaei-Ardani A. Crosstalk between sleep disturbance and opioid use disorder: a narrative review. Addict Health. 2020 Apr;12(2):140-58.
  • 26 Cañellas F, Lecea L. Relationships between sleep and addiction. Adicciones. 2012;24(4):287-90.
  • 27 Mahfoud Y, Talih F, Streem D, Budur K. Sleep disorders in substance abusers: how common are they?. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2009 Sep;6(9):38-42.
  • 28 Buguet A, Montmayeur A, Pigeau R, Naitoh P. Modafinil, d-amphetamine and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. II. Effects on two nights of recovery sleep. J Sleep Res. 1995 Dec;4(4):229-41.
  • 29 Alvarenga TA, Ribeiro DA, Araujo P, Hirotsu C, Mazaro-Costa R, Costa JL, et al. Sleep loss and acute drug abuse can induce DNA damage in multiple organs of mice. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 Sep;30(9):1275-81.
  • 30 Menon JML, Nolten C, Achterberg EJM, Joosten RNJMA, Dematteis M, Feenstra MGP, et al. Brain microdialysate monoamines in relation to circadian rhythms, sleep, and sleep deprivation - a systematic review, network meta-analysis, and new primary data. J Circadian Rhythms. 2019 Jan;17:1.
  • 31 Åkerstedt T, Hume K, Minors D, Waterhouse J. The meaning of good sleep: a longitudinal study of polysomnography and subjective sleep quality. J Sleep Res. 1994 Sep;3(3):152-8.
  • 32 Krystal AD, Huang H, Zummo J, Grinnell T, Marshall RD. A WASO sub-group analysis of a 6-month study of eszopiclone 3mg. Sleep Med. 2012 Jun;13(6):691-6.
  • 33 Taylor KS, Murai H, Millar PJ, Haruki N, Kimmerly DS, Morris BL, et al. Arousal from sleep and sympathetic excitation during wakefulness. Hypertension. 2016 Dec;68(6):1467-74.
  • 34 Lin JS, Gervasoni D, Hou Y, Vanni-Mercier G, Rambert F, Frydman A, et al. Effects of amphetamine and modafinil on the sleep/wake cycle during experimental hypersomnia induced by sleep deprivation in the cat. J Sleep Res. 2000 Mar;9(1):89-96.
  • 35 Matuskey D, Pittman B, Forselius E, Malison RT, Morgan PT. A multistudy analysis of the effects of early cocaine abstinence on sleep. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 May;115(1-2):62-6.
  • 36 Stevner ABA, Vidaurre D, Cabral J, Rapuano K, Nielsen SFV, Tagliazucchi E, et al. Discovery of key whole-brain transitions and dynamics during human wakefulness and non-REM sleep. Nat Commun. 2019 Mar;10(1):1035.