Clinical and laboratory characterization of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in patients from Salvador, Bahia

ABSTRACT

ATLL is a malignant and aggressive leukemia whose survival time is limited. It is known that 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1, after many years of latency, may develop this disease. The mechanisms by which the evolution of clinical conditions occurs are unknown, and in Brazil there are few studies about ATLL, this some important themes will be addressed in this study. Thus, the objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiological and immunophenotypic profile of patients diagnosed with ATLL, attended at an oncohematological reference center in Salvador, Bahia, in the period between 2010-2018. The methodology consisted of a descriptive, retrospective of time series study, which cases of ATLL were collected from reports belonging a reference laboratory and of medical reports available from Com-HUPES. These data were treated and analyzed statistically, being observed that the majority of cases were female and that a large part have the most aggressive clinical condition Although the literature reports that ATLL clinical condition are always considered as severe, in this study it was observed that patients can achieve long survival in good clinical conditions, according to the treatment administered. In view of the available results, it is possible to conclude that exist a broad distinction between the clinical and molecular forms, being may be an important indicator of the evolution of ATLL.

RESUMO

Leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (L/LTA) é uma leucemia maligna e agressiva, cujo tempo de sobrevivência é limitado. Sabe-se que 5% dos indivíduos infectados pelo vírus T-linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1), após muitos anos de latência, podem desenvolver essa doença. Os mecanismos pelos quais ocorre a evolução das condições clínicas são desconhecidos, e no Brasil existem poucos estudos sobre L/LTA, alguns temas importantes serão abordados neste estudo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico e imunofenotípico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de L/LTA, atendidos em um centro de referência em oncohematologia em Salvador, Bahia, no período de 20102018. A metodologia consistiu em um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de séries temporais, cujos casos de L/LTA foram coletados em laudos pertencentes a um laboratório de referência e em laudos médicos disponibilizados pelo Com-HUPES. Esses dados foram tratados e analisados estatisticamente, sendo observado que a maioria dos casos era do sexo feminino e que grande parte apresenta o quadro clínico mais agressivo. Apesar de a literatura relatar que as condições clínicas do L/LTA são sempre consideradas graves, neste estudo observou-se que os pacientes podem alcançar longa sobrevida em boas condições clínicas, de acordo com o tratamento administrado. Diante dos resultados disponíveis, é possível concluir que existe uma ampla distinção entre as formas clínica e molecular, podendo ser um importante indicador da evolução da L/LTA.

Keywords:

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma - HTLV-1 - Immunophenotyping - treatment - survival

Descritores:

Sobrevivência - Leucemia-linfoma de células T adultas - Vírus T-linfotrópico humano tipo 1 - Imunofenotipagem - Resultado do tratamento.

Publication History

Received: 17 August 2020

Accepted: 02 February 2021

Article published online:
05 March 2021

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