CC BY 4.0 · Brazilian Journal of Oncology 2024; 20: e-20240468
DOI: 10.5935/2526-8732.20240468
Review Article
Clinical Oncology

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic implications

Tumores estromais gastrointestinais: avanços na caracterização molecular e implicações terapêuticas
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Julia Sousa Lins  Junior
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
1   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2   Hospital Sirio Libanês, Cutaneous Malignancies and Sarcoma Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
none to declare

ABSTRACT

Recognition of the molecular basis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors has paved the way for significant breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease as well as positioned gastrointestinal stromal tumors as a framework for the concept of precision oncology in solid tumors. The incorporation of novel targeted agents for molecularly defined subgroups has led to significant improvements in treatment outcomes; however, the characterization of heterogeneous KIT or PDGFRA mutations and the emergence of resistance mechanisms highlight the need for a broader use of comprehensive molecular profiling and emphasize the importance of molecularly driven adaptive treatment strategies. Such a molecular background is critical for developing personalized and effective interventions and optimizing outcomes. The present review summarizes key studies that provide the basis for standard-of-care management options as well as provides molecular insights into the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, with an emphasis on recent advances.

RESUMO

O reconhecimento da base molecular dos tumores estromais gastrointestinais abriu caminho para avanços significativos no diagnóstico e tratamento desta doença, bem como posicionou os tumores estromais gastrointestinais como uma estrutura para o conceito de oncologia de precisão em tumores sólidos. A incorporação de novos agentes direcionados para subgrupos definidos molecularmente levou a melhorias significativas nos resultados do tratamento; no entanto, a caracterização de mutações heterogêneas no KIT ou PDGFRA e o surgimento de mecanismos de resistência destacam a necessidade de um uso mais amplo de perfis moleculares abrangentes e enfatizam a importância de estratégias de tratamento adaptativas orientadas molecularmente. Esse contexto molecular é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de intervenções personalizadas e eficazes e para a otimização dos resultados. A presente revisão resume os principais estudos que fornecem a base para opções de tratamento padrão, bem como fornece insights moleculares sobre o tratamento de tumores estromais gastrointestinais, com ênfase nos avanços recentes.



Publication History

Received: 04 January 2024

Accepted: 22 March 2024

Article published online:
16 May 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Bibliographical Record
Nildevande Firmino Lima, Marcello Moro Queiroz, Julia Sousa Leal Franco, Julia Sousa Lins, Eduardo Felício de Campos, Beatriz Mendes Awni, Luiz Guilherme Cernaglia Aureliano de Lima, Frederico Teixeira, Fábio de Oliveira Ferreira, Eduardo Hiroshi Akaishi, Fernanda Cunha Capareli, Rodrigo Ramella Munhoz. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic implications. Brazilian Journal of Oncology 2024; 20: e-20240468.
DOI: 10.5935/2526-8732.20240468
 
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