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CC BY-NC 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2013; 40(05): 633-638
DOI: 10.5999/aps.2013.40.5.633
Continuing Medical Education

Smile Restoration for Permanent Facial Paralysis

Jonathan Leckenby
Department of Plastic Surgery, The Royal Free Hospital, University of London, London, UK
,
Adriaan Grobbelaar
Department of Plastic Surgery, The Royal Free Hospital, University of London, London, UK
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reviewing this article on facial paralysis, the reader should be able to do the following:

  1. 1) Review the epidemiology and causes of facial paralysis;

  2. 2) Describe the assessment of a patient;

  3. 3) Describe the treatment in adults and children; and

  4. 4) Understand the outcomes of facial reanimation surgery.



Publication History

Received: 25 January 2013

Accepted: 15 March 2013

Article published online:
01 May 2022

© 2013. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, permitting unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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