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CC BY-NC 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2016; 43(02): 160-171
DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.2.160
Original Article

Photogrammetric Analysis of Attractiveness in Indian Faces

Shveta Duggal
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
,
DN Kapoor
Department of Orthodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Former Dean of Dental Faculty, KGMU, Lucknow, India
,
Santosh Verma
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
,
Mahesh Sagar
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
,
Yung-Seop Lee
Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
,
Hyoungjin Moon
Moon's Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea
,
Seung Chul Rhee
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
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Background The objective of this study was to assess the attractive facial features of the Indian population. We tried to evaluate subjective ratings of facial attractiveness and identify which facial aesthetic subunits were important for facial attractiveness.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 150 samples (referred to as candidates). Frontal photographs were analyzed. An orthodontist, a prosthodontist, an oral surgeon, a dentist, an artist, a photographer and two laymen (estimators) subjectively evaluated candidates' faces using visual analog scale (VAS) scores. As an objective method for facial analysis, we used balanced angular proportional analysis (BAPA). Using SAS 10.1 (SAS Institute Inc.), the Turkey's studentized range test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to detect between-group differences in VAS scores (Experiment 1), to identify correlations between VAS scores and BAPA scores (Experiment 2), and to analyze the characteristic features of facial attractiveness and gender differences (Experiment 3); the significance level was set at P=0.05.

Results Experiment 1 revealed some differences in VAS scores according to professional characteristics. In Experiment 2, BAPA scores were found to behave similarly to subjective ratings of facial beauty, but showed a relatively weak correlation coefficient with the VAS scores. Experiment 3 found that the decisive factors for facial attractiveness were different for men and women. Composite images of attractive Indian male and female faces were constructed.

Conclusions Our photogrammetric study, statistical analysis, and average composite faces of an Indian population provide valuable information about subjective perceptions of facial beauty and attractive facial structures in the Indian population.

Keywords

Beauty - Face - Photogrammetry - India - Sex - characteristics

This article was presented at the 73rd Congress of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons on November 13–13, 2015 in Seoul, Korea.


We would like to give special thanks to Sujin Han, a certified member of the Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia, for her cordial advice and polished linguistic corrections.




Publication History

Received: 08 September 2015

Accepted: 18 February 2016

Article published online:
20 April 2022

© 2016. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, permitting unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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