Zirkadiane Rhythmen – Wie beeinflussen sie unser Leben?

Was ist neu?

Chronodisruption und Metabolismus Die zunehmende Aufweichung von festen Tagesrhythmen in der modernen Gesellschaft stört die zeitliche Koordination physiologischer Prozesse im Körper. Die resultierende interne Desynchronisation begünstigt die Entwicklung zahlreicher Krankheiten, insbesondere im metabolischen Bereich – von Verdauungsstörungen über Adipositas bis hin zu Typ-2-Diabetes.

Chronodisruption und Immunsystem Die Kombination aus Chronodisruption und Schlafmangel beeinträchtigt zudem die Sensitivität und Effektivität der Immunabwehr. Umgekehrt kann eine Stabilisierung des zirkadianen Systems die Resilienz gegen viele Krankheiten erhöhen.

Chronomedizin Das Feld der Chronobiologie hat sich in den letzten Jahren von einer Grundlagendisziplin zu einer klinisch angewandten Wissenschaft entwickelt. Neben der klassischen Chronotherapie, der tageszeitlich optimierten Gabe von Medikamenten, bietet insbesondere die Stabilisierung des zirkadianen Systems – durch Verhaltensinterventionen oder Chronobiologicals – eine Reihe neuer Ansätze für die Prävention und Therapie vieler Volkskrankheiten.

Abstract

Chronodisruption and metabolism The increased disruption of natural daily rhythms in modern societies interferes with the temporal coordination of physiological processes in the body. The resulting internal desynchronization favors the development of a range of diseases – including metabolic disorders such as obstipation, obesity, and type-2 diabetes.

Chronodisruption and immunity The combination of chronodisruption and insomnia impairs the sensitivity and efficiency of the immune defense. Vice versa, a stabilization of the circadian system can confer an increased resilience against many pathogens.

Chronomedicine In recent years the field of chronobiology has developed from a basic science to a highly translational discipline. Besides classical chronotherapy, i. e. a temporally optimized drug scheduling, stabilization of the circadian system – by behavioral interventions or chronobiologicals – offers several novel targets for prevention and therapy of many widespread diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Chronodisruption - Metabolismus - Immunität - Chronomedizin - Chronotherapie - zirkadiane Uhr

Key words

chronodisruption - metabolism - immunity - chronomedicine - chronotherapy - circadian clock

• Literatur

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