Normal Values for Parotid Gland and Submandibular-Sublingual Salivary Gland Complex Uptake of ^99mTechnetium Pertechnetate using SPECT in Mice with Respect to Age, Sex, and Circadian Rhythm

Abstract

Aim The aim of this study was to establish normal values for parotid gland (PG) and submandibular-sublingual salivary gland complex (SSC) uptake of ^99mtechnetium pertechnetate (^99mTcO₄) as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice.

Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice, nine consecutive SPECT images of 10 min each were acquired as dynamic acquisitions beginning 5 min after intravenous injection of 80 MBq ^99mTcO₄. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleeping phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). The percentage tracer uptake of the injected activity is expressed as median %ID.

Results Maximum ^99mTcO₄ uptake occurred earlier in PG at 11 min compared to SSC at 79 min (p < 0.001). No significant effect of circadian rhythm was observed in PG (p = 0.64) and SSC uptake (p = 0.27). With aging, ^99mTcO₄ uptake significantly decreased for PG (p < 0.001) while it increased for SSC (p < 0.001). F (0.5) had a significantly higher PG uptake than M (0.3; p < 0.001) up to an age of 24 months. However, SSC uptake of F (4.6) was higher than that of M (3.8; p = 0.014) only at the age of 1 month. Thereafter, F (5.6) had lower SSC uptake than M (9.2; p < 0.001) from 3 months onwards. Normalizing %ID to gland volume showed that F had a significantly higher uptake (%ID/mm³) in both PG (F 0.013; M 0.007; p < 0.001) and in SSC (F 0.110; M 0.075; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Uptake patterns differed among PG and SSC with a significant impact of age and sex while circadian rhythm had no significant influence. Therefore, design of salivary gland studies in mice using ^99mTcO₄ should consider age and sex as relevant factors.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Ziel dieser Studie war die Erhebung von Normwerten für den ^99mTechnetium-Pertechnetat (^99mTcO₄) Uptake der Parotis (PG) und des Submandibular-Sublingualen-Speicheldrüsenkomplexes (SSC) in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht und circadianem Rhythmus bei der Maus.

Methoden Bei 12 weiblichen (F) und 12 männlichen (M) C57BL/6N Mäusen wurden neun konsekutive SPECT Aufnahmen von jeweils 10 min Dauer 5 min nach intravenöser Injektion von 80 MBq ^99mTcO₄ durchgeführt. Jede Maus wurde mit 1, 3, 6, 12 und 24 Monaten untersucht. Um Veränderungen auf Grund des circadianen Rhythmus zu erfassen, erfolgte die Untersuchung der Tiere während der Hellphase (Schlafphase) sowie während der Dunkelphase (Wachphase). Der prozentuale Tracer Uptake ist als Median %ID der injizierten Aktivität angegeben.

Ergebnisse Der maximale ^99mTcO₄ Uptake lag mit 11 min bei der PG früher im Vergleich zum SSC mit 79 min (p < 0,001). Weder PG (p = 0,64) noch SSC (p = 0,27) zeigten einen signifikanten Unterschied in Abhängigkeit vom circadianen Rhythmus.

Mit dem Alter fiel der ^99mTcO₄ Uptake der PG signifikant ab (p < 0,001), während er im SSC (p < 0,001) anstieg. Im Vergleich zu M hatten F bis zu einem Alter von 2 Jahren einen signifikant höheren Uptake der PG (F 0,5; M 0,3; p < 0,001). Dagegen war der SSC-Uptake bei F nur im Alter von 1 Monat höher (F 4,6; M 3,8; p = 0,014). Ab einem Alter von 3 Monaten konnte bei F ein geringerer Uptake im SSC beobachtet werden (F 5,6; M 9,2; p < 0,001). Bei Normierung des %ID auf das Speicheldrüsenvolumen zeigten F einen signifikant höheren Uptake (%ID/mm³) sowohl in der PG (F 0,013; M 0,007; p < 0,001) als auch im SSC (F 0,110; M 0,075; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung PG und SSC zeigten Unterschiede im Uptake in Abhängigkeit von Alter und Geschlecht, während der circadiane Rhythmus keinen signifikanten Einfluss hatte. Folglich sollten beim Studiendesign mit ^99mTcO₄ bei Speicheldrüsenuntersuchungen der Maus Alter und Geschlecht als wichtige Einflussfaktoren berücksichtigt werden.

Key words

parotid gland - submandibular-sublingual salivary gland complex - technetium uptake - SPECT - age - sex - circadian rhythm - mice

Schlüsselwörter

Parotis - Submandibular-Sublingualer-Speicheldrüsenkomplex - Technetium Uptake - SPECT - Alter - Geschlecht - circadianer Rhythmus - Maus

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