ZWR - Das Deutsche Zahnärzteblatt 2019; 128(10): 483-490
DOI: 10.1055/a-1001-4046
Fortbildung | Parodontologie
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ernährung und parodontale Gesundheit

Johan Wölber
,
Maximilian Gärtner
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
24 October 2019 (online)

Während die Rolle der einfachen Kohlenhydrate bei der Entstehung der Karies seit vielen Jahrzehnten gut belegt ist, mehren sich auch wissenschaftliche Nachweise, dass Gingivitis und Parodontitis stark ernährungsbedingte Erkrankungen zu sein scheinen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet den Einfluss von einzelnen Ernährungskomponenten auf die parodontale Entzündung und gibt evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zur Ernährungstherapie.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Murray CJL, Atkinson C, Bhalla K. et al. The state of US health, 1990–2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA 2013; 310: 591-608
  • 2 Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M. et al. Global Burden of Severe Periodontitis in 1990–2010: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression. J Dent Res 2014; 93: 1045-1053
  • 3 Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M. et al. Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression. J Dent Res 2015; 94: 650-658
  • 4 Moynihan P. Sugars and Dental Caries: Evidence for Setting a Recommended Threshold for Intake. Adv Nutr 2016; 7: 149-156
  • 5 Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965; 36: 177-187
  • 6 Hujoel P. Dietary carbohydrates and dental-systemic diseases. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 490-502
  • 7 Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O. et al. The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene. J Periodontol 2009; 80: 759-768
  • 8 Woelber J, Bremer K, Vach K. et al. An oral health optimized diet can reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation in humans – a randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17: 28
  • 9 Woelber JP, Gärtner M, Breuninger L. et al. The influence of an anti-inflammatory diet on gingivitis. A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46: 481-490
  • 10 Deschner J, Haak T, Jepsen S. et al. Diabetes mellitus und Parodontitis. Der Internist 2011; 52: 466-477
  • 11 Augustin LSA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA. et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25: 795-815
  • 12 Kandaswamy L, Raghavan R, Pappachan JM. Spontaneous hypoglycemia: diagnostic evaluation and management. Endocrine 2016; 53: 47-57
  • 13 Bosma-den Boer MM, van Wetten ML, Pruimboom L. Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9: 32
  • 14 van Woudenbergh GJ, Theofylaktopoulou D, Kuijsten A. et al. Adapted dietary inflammatory index and its association with a summary score for low-grade inflammation and markers of glucose metabolism: the Cohort study on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) and the Hoorn study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1533-1542
  • 15 Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 62: 59-94
  • 16 Feinman RD, Pogozelski WK, Astrup A. et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base. Nutrition 2015; 31: 1-13
  • 17 Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev 2015; 73: 661-674
  • 18 Ströhle A, Wolters M, Hahn A. Präventives Potenzial von Ballaststoffen – Ernährungsphysiologie und Epidemiologie. Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2018; 43: 179-200
  • 19 Fuhrman J, Sarter B, Glaser D. et al. Changing perceptions of hunger on a high nutrient density diet. Nutr J 2010; 9: 51
  • 20 Suvan JE, Finer N, DʼAiuto F. Periodontal complications with obesity. Periodontol 2000 2018; 78: 98-128
  • 21 Mohanty P, Hamouda W, Garg R. et al. Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2970-2973
  • 22 Bullon P, Newman HN, Battino M. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and chronic periodontitis: a shared pathology via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction?. Periodontol 2000 2014; 64: 139-153
  • 23 Brock GR, Butterworth CJ, Matthews JB. et al. Local and systemic total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis and health. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 515-521
  • 24 Leggott PJ, Robertson PB, Jacob RA. et al. Effects of ascorbic acid depletion and supplementation on periodontal health and subgingival microflora in humans. J Dent Res 1991; 70: 1531-1536
  • 25 Adam O, Beringer C, Kless T. et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2003; 23: 27-36
  • 26 Simopoulos AP. Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60: 502-507
  • 27 Simopoulos AP, Sidossis LS. What is so special about the traditional diet of Greece. The scientific evidence. World Rev Nutr Diet 2000; 87: 24-42
  • 28 Serhan CN. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature 2014; 510: 92-101
  • 29 Chee B, Park B, Fitzsimmons T. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct for periodontal therapy – a review. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20: 879-894
  • 30 Wolk A. Potential health hazards of eating red meat. J Intern Med 2017; 281: 106-122
  • 31 Viguiliouk E, Stewart SE, Jayalath VH. et al. Effect of Replacing Animal Protein with Plant Protein on Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2015; 7: 9804-9824
  • 32 The Lancet. We need to talk about meat. Lancet 2018; 392: 2237
  • 33 Salazar CR, Laniado N, Mossavar-Rahmani Y. et al. Better-quality diet is associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis in US Hispanics/Latinos. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 780-790
  • 34 Staufenbiel I, Weinspach K, Förster G. et al. Periodontal conditions in vegetarians: a clinical study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67: 836-840
  • 35 Zong G, Holtfreter B, Scott AE. et al. Serum vitamin B12 is inversely associated with periodontal progression and risk of tooth loss: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43: 2-9
  • 36 Myles IA. Fast food fever: reviewing the impacts of the Western diet on immunity. Nutr J 2014; 13: 61
  • 37 Dommisch H, Kuzmanova D, Jönsson D. et al. Effect of micronutrient malnutrition on periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2018; 78: 129-153
  • 38 Van der Velden U, Kuzmanova D, Chapple ILC. Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11) 142-158
  • 39 Frei B, Birlouez-Aragon I, Lykkesfeldt J. Authorsʼ perspective: What is the optimum intake of vitamin C in humans?. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52: 815-829
  • 40 Perić M, Cavalier E, Toma S. et al. Serum vitamin D levels and chronic periodontitis in adult, Caucasian population – a systematic review. J Periodont Res 2018; 53: 645-656
  • 41 Baggerly CA, Cuomo RE, French CB. et al. Sunlight and Vitamin D: Necessary for Public Health. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34: 359-365
  • 42 Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H. et al. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10: pii:E1986 doi:10.3390/nu10121986
  • 43 Luo PP, Xu HS, Chen YW. et al. Periodontal disease severity is associated with micronutrient intake. Aust Dent J 2018; 63: 193-201
  • 44 Linden GJ, McClean KM, Woodside JV. et al. Antioxidants and periodontitis in 60–70-year-old men. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36: 843-849
  • 45 Lidder S, Webb AJ. Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75: 677-696
  • 46 Jockel-Schneider Y, Goßner SK, Petersen N. et al. Stimulation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO-metabolism by repeated lettuce juice consumption decreases gingival inflammation in periodontal recall patients: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43: 603-608
  • 47 Hannig C, Sorg J, Spitzmüller B. et al. Polyphenolic beverages reduce initial bacterial adherence to enamel in situ. J Dent 2009; 37: 560-566
  • 48 Widén C, Coleman M, Critén S. et al. Consumption of bilberries controls gingival inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16: 10665-10673