Mikronährstoffversorgung im Leistungssport

Klaus Erpenbach; Wolfgang Mayer; Uwe Hoffmann; Stefan Mücke

doi:10.1055/a-1137-5979

Zeitschrift für Orthomolekulare Medizin, Table of Contents

Zeitschrift für Orthomolekulare Medizin 2020; 18(01): 17-21
DOI: 10.1055/a-1137-5979

Wissen

Mikronährstoffversorgung im Leistungssport

Teil 1: Auswirkung auf Muskelverletzungen, Infekte, Schlaf und Müdigkeit

Klaus Erpenbach

,

Wolfgang Mayer

,

Uwe Hoffmann

,

Stefan Mücke

Abstract

Die Literaturliste finden Sie online unter: www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/journal/10.1055/s-00000144

Zusammenfassung

Vorgestellt wird eine aktuelle Studie zur Versorgung von Leistungssportlern mit Mikronährstoffen. Analysiert wurden dabei Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem Nährstoffstatus und den Beschwerden Müdigkeit, Schlafstörungen, Infektanfälligkeit und Muskelverletzungen. Bei den 111 teilnehmenden Athleten verschiedener Sportarten zeigten sich teilweise gravierende Mängel an essenziellen Mikronährstoffen. Jugendliche Elitesportler sind mit Ausnahme von Folsäure schlechter versorgt als die Erwachsenen. Signifikant waren die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Versorgung mit Vitamin D, Coenzym Q10 und Vitamin B₁mit der Häufigkeit muskulärer Verletzungen, während Auswirkungen auf Infekte, Schlafstörungen und Müdigkeit weniger deutlich waren.

Schlüsselwörter

Mikronährstoffversorgung - Leistungssport - Studie - Muskelverletzungen - Infektanfälligkeit - Schlafstörungen - Müdigkeit - Vitamine - Mineralstoffe - Selen - Coenzym Q10

Full Text

References

Literatur
1 Rodriguez NR, DiMarco NM, Langley S. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 709-731
2 Kreider RB, Wilborn CD, Taylor L. et al. ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7: 1-43
3 Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ. et al. Position statement. Part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev 2011; 17: 6-63
4 Gleeson M, Pyne DB. Respiratory inflammation and infections in high-performance athletes. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94: 124-131
5 Junge A, Engebretsen L, Mountjoy ML. et al. Sports injuries during the Summer Olympic Games 2008. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37: 2165-2172
6 Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Alonso JM. et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the Winter Olympic Games 2010. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 772-780
7 Engebretsen L, Soligard T, Steffen K. et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 407-414
8 Soligard T, Steffen K, Palmer-Green D. et al. Sports injuries and illnesses iRthe Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49: 441-447
9 Junge A, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T. Football injuries during the World Cup 2002. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32: 23S-27S
10 Dvorak J, Junge A, Grimm K. et al. Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 578-581
11 Alonso JM, Tscholl PM, Engebretsen L. et al. Occurrence of injuries and illnesses during the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Championships. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 1100-1105
12 Alonso JM, Edouard P, Fischetto G. et al. Determination of future prevention strategies in elite track and field: analysis of Daegu 2011 IAAF championships injuries and illnesses surveillance. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46: 505-514
13 Alonso JM, Jacobsson J, Timpka T. et al. Preparticipation injury complaint is a risk factor for injury: a prospective study of the Moscow 2013 IAAF championships. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49: 1118-1124
14 Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Alonso JM. et al. How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 1043-1052
15 Deakin V Micronutrients. In: SA Lanham-New, SJ Stear, SM Shirreffs, AL Collins. eds. Sport and Exercise Nutrition. 1st. ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011: 66-88
16 Hakkiday TM, Peterson NJ, Thomas JJ. et al. Vitamin D status relative to diet, lifestyle, injury and illness in college athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 335-343
17 Ruohola JP, Laaksi I, Ylikomi T. et al. Association between serum 25 (OH) D concentrations and bone stress fractures in Finnish young men. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21: 1483-1488
18 Κostopoulos N, Apostolidis N, Mexis D. et al. Dietary intake and the markers of muscle damage in elite basketball players after a basketball match. Journal of Physical Education and Sport 2017; 17 (01) : 394-401
19 Gupta L, Morgan K, Gilchrist S. Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2017; 47 (07) : 1317-1333
20 Ansley P, Gleeson M, Ansley L. Fatigue management in the preparation of Olympic athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences 2009; 27 (13) : 1409-1420
21 Monti JM. The neurotransmitters of sleep and wake, a physiological reviews series. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17: 313-315
22 Ogan D, Pritchett K. Vitamin D and the Athlete: Risks, Recommendations and Benefits. Nutrients 2013; 5: 1856-1868
23 Close GL, Russell J, Cobley JN. et al. Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healty adults during winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function. J Sports Sciences 2012; 31 (04) : 344-353
24 Owens DJ, Sharples AP, Polydorou I. et al. A systems-based investigation into vitamin D and skeletal muscle repair, regeneration and hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309 (12) : 1019-1031
25 Quadri A, Gojanovic B, Noack P. et al. Seasonal variation of vitamin D levels in Swiss athletes. Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine 2016; 64 (01) : 19-25
26 Sghaier-Ayadi A, Feki M, Bezrati-Ben Ayed I. et al. Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency in non-supplemented athletes during the winter months in Tunisia. Biol Sport 2015; 32: 281-287
27 Shuler FD, Wingate MK, Moore GH, Giangarra C. Sports Health benefits of Vitamin D. Sports Health 2012; 4 (06) : 496-501
28 Fishman MP, Lombardo SJ, Kharrazi FD. Vitamin D Deficiency among Professional Basketball Players. Orthopaedic J Sport Med 2016; 4 (07) : 1–5
29 Varamenti E, Cherif A, Nikolovski Z. et al. Exploring possible relationships between 25(OH)D-deficiency and variables related to inflammation, endothelial function, and enzymatic antioxidants in adolescent athletes: a prospective study. Biol Sport 2019; 36 (02) : 113-118
30 Kryzwanski J, Mikulski T, Krysztofiak H. et al. Seasonal Vitamin D Status in Polish Elite Athletes in Relation to Sun Exposure and Oral Supplementation. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (10) : 1-12
31 Backx EMP, Tieland M, Maase K. et al. The impact of 1-year vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status in athletes: a dose – response study. European J Clin Nutr 2016; 70: 1009-1014
32 Willis KS, Smith DT, Broughton KS, Larson-Meyer DE. Vitamin D status and biomarkers of inflammation in runners. J Sports Med 2012; 3: 35-42
33 Ginde AA, Mansbach MPH, Camargo Jr. CA. Jr.Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (04) : 384-390
34 Lee O. Assessment of selenium and zinc status in female collegiate athletes. J Nutr Health 2018; 51 (02) : 121-131
35 Fogelholm M, Laakso J, Lehto J, Ruokonen I. Dietary intake and indicators of magnesium and zinc status in male athletes. Nutr Res 1991; 11 (10) : 1111-1118
36 Molina-Lopez J, Milona JM, Chirosa LJ. et al. Association between erythrocyte concentrations of magnesium and zinc in high-performance handball players after dietary magnesium supplementation. Magnesium Research 2012; 25 (02) : 79-88
37 Weight LM, Noakes TD, Labadarios D, Graves J, Jacobs P, Bermann PA. Vitamin and mineral status of trained athletes including the effects of supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 186-191
38 Finstad EW, Newhouse IJ, Lukaski HC. et al. The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33 (03) : 493-498
39 Zhu YI, Haas JD. Altered metabolic response of iron-depleted nonanemic women during a 15-km time trial. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84 (05) : 1768-1775
40 Kon M, Tanabe K, Akimoto T, Kimura F. Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenczyme Q10. Brit J Nutr 2008; 100 (04) : 903-909
41 Demirci N, Beytut E. Effects of oral coenzyme Q10 on preventing the accumulation of lactic acid developing during the exercise performances of endurance skiing athletes. Am J Sports Sci 2014; 2 (03) : 65–70
42 Alf D, Schmidt ME, Siebrecht S. Ubiquinol supplementation enhances peak power production in trained athletes: a double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10: 24
43 Choi SK, Baek SH, Choi SW. The effects of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during exercise. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 2013; 17 (04) : 189-198
44 Manore MM. Effects of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B-6 requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 598s-606s
45 Bautista-Hernandez VM, Lopez-Ascencio R, del Toro-Equihua M, Vasquez C. Effect of Thiamine Pyrophosphate on Levels of Serum Lactate, Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate in Athletes Performing Aerobic Activity. J Int Med Res 2008; 36: 1220-1226
46 Farrokhyar F, Tabasinejad R, Dao D. et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: a systemic review and meta analysis. Sports Med 2015; 45 (03) : 365-378
47 Pereira Panza VS, Diefenthaeler F, da Silva EL. Benefits of dietary phytochemical supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage: Is including antioxidants enough?. Nutrition 2015; 31 (09) : 1072-1082
48 Margaritis I, Tessier F, Prou E. et al. Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle oxidative capacities with and without selenium supplementation. Trace Elem Med Biol 1997; 11: 37-43
49 Heffernan SM, Horner K, De Vito G, Conway GE. The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11: 696-729
50 Tessier F, Margaritis I, Richard MJ. et al. Selenium and training effects on the glutathione system and aerobic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 390-396
51 Casoni I, Guglielmini C, Graziano L. et al. Changes of magnesium concentrations in endurance athletes. Int J Sports Med 1990; 11: 234-237
52 Setaro L, Santos-Silva PR, Nakano EY. et al. Magnesium status and the physical performance of volleyball players: effects of magnesium supplementation. J Sports Sci 2014; 32: 438-445
53 Veronese N, Berton L, Carraro S. et al. Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 974-981
54 Casoni I, Borsetto C, Cavicchi A. et al. Reduced hemoglobin concentration and red cell hemoglobinization in Italian marathon and ultramarathon runners. Int J Sports Med 1985; 6: 176-179
55 Dufaux B, Hoederath A, Streitberger I. et al. Serum ferritin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and iron in middle- and long-distance runners, elite rowers, and professional cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1981; 2: 43-46
56 Fogelholm M, Himberg JJ, Alopaeus K. et al. Dietary and biochemical indices of nutritional status in male athletes and controls. J Am Coll Nutr 1992; 11: 181-192
57 Hemmingson P, Bauer M, Birgeghd G. Iron status in elite skiers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1991; 1: 174-179
58 Magnusson B, Hallberg L, Rossander L, Swolin B. Iron metabolism and “sports anemia”. II. A hematological comparison of elite runners and control subjects. Acta Med Scand 1984; 216: 157-164
59 Pate RR, Miller BJ, Davis JM. et al. Iron status of female runners. Int J Sport Nutr 1993; 3: 222-231
60 Risser WL, Lee EV, Poindexter HBW. et al. Iron deficiency in female athletes: Its prevalence and impact on performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988; 20: 116-121
61 Erpenbach K, Mücke S. Mitochondriale Ernährung. Sportärztezeitung 2017; 4: 88-91