Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen und Geschlechtsdysphorie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Systematisches Review zur gemeinsamen Prävalenz

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Die Literatur zum gemeinsamen Auftreten von Geschlechtsdysphorie/Gendervarianz und Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen wird für das Kindes- und Jugendalter systematisch aufbereitet.

Methodik Für den Zeitraum 1946 bis Dezember 2018 wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Von insgesamt 144 identifizierten Publikationen erfüllten 22 die Einschlusskriterien. In den inkludierten Studien wiesen 4,7–13,3 % der untersuchten Kinder und Jugendlichen mit primär diagnostizierter Geschlechtsdysphorie/Gendervarianz gleichzeitig auch eine Autismus-Diagnose auf. In den Stichproben von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit primär diagnostiziertem Autismus war Gendervarianz mit 4–6,5 % im Vergleich zu nicht klinischen Stichproben überrepräsentiert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein erhöhtes gemeinsames Auftreten der beiden Phänomene bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Methodische Überlegungen sowie klinische Implikationen werden diskutiert.

Abstract

Objective The review systematically reviews the literature on co-occurring gender dysphoria/gender variance and autism spectrum disorder among children and adolescents.

Methods A systematic literature search was conducted for the years 1946 to December 2018.

Results 144 publications could be identified in the literature search. Out of these, 22 publications met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. 4.7 to 13.3 % of the children and adolescents with primarily diagnosed gender dysphoria/variance examined in the studies also had an autism diagnosis. In samples of children and adolescents with primarily diagnosed autism gender variance was overrepresented with a prevalence of 4 to 6.5 %.

Conclusion The results of the systematic review point towards an overrepresentation of co-occurring gender dysphoria/variance and autism spectrum disorder. Methodological and clinical implications are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Geschlechtsdysphorie - Gendervarianz - Autismus-Spektrum-Störung - systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Keywords

gender dysphoria - gender variance - autism spectrum disorder - systematic review

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