Einflussfaktoren der körperlichen Aktivität von Kindern in Kitas: Eine Mehrebenenanalyse mit Querschnittsdaten aus dem Projekt QueB 2

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Die Rahmenbedingungen in Kindertagesstätten beeinflussen die tägliche Zeit in moderater bis intensiver körperlicher Aktivität (MVPA) von Kindern unter 6 Jahren. Die Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren in der Kita und im Verhalten der pädagogischen Fachkräfte die MVPA-Level der Kinder beeinflussen.

Methodik Querschnittsdaten aus 8 Kitas aus dem Forschungsprojekt QueB 2 wurden verwendet. Die Zeit pro Tag in MVPA wurde mit ActiGraph GT3X+Akzelerometern gemessen. Untersuchte unabhängige Variablen waren Alter, Geschlecht, MVPA-Level der pädagogischen Fachkräfte und 8 Merkmale aus einer Selbsteinschätzungs-Checkliste für Kitas. Hierarchische lineare Regressionsmodelle wurden mit SAS berechnet.

Ergebnisse Valide Akzelerometerdaten lagen von 126 Kindern (51,59% Mädchen) vor. Mädchen erreichten pro Tag im Durchschnitt 33,01, Jungen 49,11 Min. an MVPA. Nur 1,72% der Varianz war auf die Kita zurückzuführen. Als signifikante Einflussfaktoren wurden Innenräume mit Platz für Bewegung, Regeln mit Bezug zu Bewegung und das Mitmachen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte bei Aktivitäten identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Individuelle Faktoren (Alter, Geschlecht) scheinen für die tägliche MVPA stärker ausschlaggebend zu sein als Merkmale der Kitas und sollten bei der Implementierung von Maßnahmen zur Bewegungsförderung berücksichtigt werden.

Abstract

Objectives Characteristics of childcare centers influence the daily time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by children younger than 6 years. The study explores the characteristics of childcare centers and the behavior of staff that influence children’s MVPA levels.

Methods We used cross-sectional data from 8 childcare centers in the research project QueB 2. MVPA per day was measured with ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometers. Independent variables included were age, sex, staff MVPA levels and 8 items from a self-assessment-checklist for childcare centers. Hierarchical linear regression models were run with SAS.

Results Valid accelerometer data on 126 children (51.59% girls) were available. Girls spent a mean of 33.01, boys of 49.11 min per day in MVPA. Childcare centers accounted for only 1.72% of variance. Indoor space, rules concerning physical activity and staff participating in activities were significantly associated with children’s MVPA.

Conclusions Individual variables (age, sex) seem to have a greater influence on children’s daily time spent on MVPA than childcare center characteristics and should be taken into account when implementing interventions to promote physical activity.

Schlüsselwörter

Akzelerometer - Bewegung - Einflussfaktoren - Kinder - Kindertagesstätten

Key words

Accelerometry - Physical Activity - Correlates - Children - Child Day Care Centers

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