Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1346-4444
Ergebnisse der Einführung eines Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programms im stationären Bereich am Beispiel der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie des Kindes- und Jugendalters
Effects of an In-House Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative on Diagnosis and Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood and AdolescenceZusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ambulant erworbene („pediatric community-acquired“) Pneumonien des Kindesalters (pCAP) führen häufig zur Anwendung von Antibiotika und Einweisung ins Krankenhaus. Allerdings werden vorhandene Leitlinien in Diagnostik und Therapie nicht immer konsequent durchgesetzt. Die im letzten Jahrzehnt in vielen Krankenhäusern eingeführten Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programme können das Management der pCAP ohne Qualitätsverlust verbessern.
Fragestellung Die vorliegende Analyse untersucht, inwiefern die Implementierung eines Antibiotic-Stewardship (ABS)-Programms konkret die Leitlinien-Adhärenz bei gleichbleibender therapeutischer Sicherheit verbesserte.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Patientenakten-basierte Analyse des Managements der pCAP bei Kindern im Alter von 90 Tagen bis zum vollendeten 18. Lebensjahr von Januar 2017 bis März 2020 in einer Universitätskinderklinik vor und nach Umsetzung eines ABS-Maßnahmenbündels, bestehend aus Standarderstellung, fortlaufender Schulung und kontinuierlichem ABS-Support.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 230 Patienten in die Analyse eingeschlossen (145 vor und 85 nach Intervention). Der Anteil nicht indizierter Antibiotikabehandlungen sank von 26 % auf 10 % (p < 0,05) und der nicht rationalen Antibiotikaanwendungen von 64 % auf 27 % (p < 0,05) bei gleichbleibendem Gesamtanteil von mit Antibiotika stationär behandelten Kindern. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Rückgang von Dosierungsfehlern von 17 % auf 10 % (p < 0,05) und der mittleren antibiotischen Behandlungsdauer von 10 auf 7 Tage (p < 0,05) gesehen. Die Verweildauer im Krankenhaus unterschied sich zwischen beiden Gruppen nur unwesentlich. Ein Anstieg von Therapieversagen oder Wiederaufnahmen aufgrund respiratorischer Infektionen wurde nicht beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung In Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur konnten wir zeigen, dass ABS-Programme ein geeignetes und sicheres Mittel zur Verbesserung der stationären Therapie der pCAP darstellen. Sie verbessern die Umsetzung klinischer Leitlinien und führen zu einem rationaleren Antibiotikaeinsatz ohne Verschlechterung der Behandlungsergebnisse. Langfristige Effekte derartiger Programme sollten in multizentrischen Untersuchungen analysiert werden.
Abstract
Background Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP) often leads to prescription of antibiotics and hospital admission of children. Unfortunately, adherence to diagnosis and treatment guidelines is inconsistent, and misuse of antibiotics may occur. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions, which were started in many hospitals during the last decade, can optimize management of pCAP without negative patient outcomes.
Objectives The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess the influence of a newly implemented in-house pediatric antibiotic stewardship (ABS) initiative on guideline adherence and treatment quality.
Materials and methods Retrospective, patients’ file-based analysis of the effects of an ABS initiative in a pediatric university hospital from January 2017 until March 2020. ABS initiative included creation of a local pCAP guideline for hospitalized children aged 90 days – 18 years, periodic training and continuous ABS support.
Results A total of 230 patients with pCAP were included (145 before and 85 after intervention). Implementation of the ABS program led to reduction of antibiotics prescription without clear indication from 26 % to 10 % (p < 0.05). The inappropriate use of antibiotics decreased from 64 % to 27 % (p < 0.05), the rate of incorrect doses declined from 17 % to 10 % (p < 0.05) and the mean duration of antibiotic treatment declined from 10 to 7 days (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the two groups regarding length of stay, treatment failure or readmissions for respiratory infection.
Conclusions Pediatric antibiotic stewardship is an appropriate and safe method, and is beneficial to hospitalized patients with pCAP. Application of ABS programs may increase adherence to clinical guidelines and improve appropriate antimicrobial use without negative impact on patient outcomes. Multicenter follow-up studies are needed to clarify long-term effects of ABS programs.
Publication History
Received: 05 November 2020
Accepted: 02 January 2021
Article published online:
08 February 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Dona D, Barbieri E, Daverio M. et al. Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0659-3.
- 2 Godbout EJ, Pakyz AL, Markley JD. et al. Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship: State of the Art. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2018; 20: 39 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-018-0644-7.
- 3 Infektiologie DGfP, (GPP) DuGfPP. S2k-Leitlinie „Management der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (pädiatrische ambulant erworbene Pneumonie, pCAP)“. AWMF Leitlinie. 2017
- 4 Esposito S. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 884-885 author reply 885. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir944.
- 5 Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR. et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 835-845 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405870.
- 6 Islam S, Mannix MK, Breuer RK. et al. Guideline Adherence and Antibiotic Utilization by Community Pediatricians, Private Urgent Care Centers, and a Pediatric Emergency Department. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59: 21-30 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819879462.
- 7 Fleming-Dutra KE, Hersh AL, Shapiro DJ. et al. Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010-2011. JAMA 2016; 315: 1864-1873 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.4151.
- 8 Zetts RM, Stoesz A, Smith BA. et al. Outpatient Antibiotic Use and the Need for Increased Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts. Pediatrics 2018; 141: e20174124 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4124.
- 9 Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D. et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet 2015; 385: 430-440 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61698-6.
- 10 Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Effect of intrapartum antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of infants: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105: 201-208 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316659.
- 11 Azad MB, Bridgman SL, Becker AB. et al. Infant antibiotic exposure and the development of childhood overweight and central adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38: 1290-1298 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.119.
- 12 Nogacka AM, Salazar N, Arboleya S. et al. Early microbiota, antibiotics and health. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75: 83-91 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2670-2.
- 13 Huebner J. S2k Leitlinie „Antibiotic Stewardship –Konzeption und Umsetzung in der stationären Kinder- und Jugendmedizin“ – Version 1.12.2018. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI). 2015
- 14 Rose MA, Barker M, Liese J. et al. [Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents (Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia, pCAP) - Issued under the Responsibility of the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI) and the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology (GPP)]. Pneumologie 2020; 74: 515-544 DOI: 10.1055/a-1139-5132.
- 15 Iroh Tam PY, Bernstein E, Ma X. et al. Blood Culture in Evaluation of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Hosp Pediatr 2015; 5: 324-336 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2014-0138.
- 16 Neuman MI, Hall M, Lipsett SC. et al. Utility of Blood Culture Among Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Pediatrics 2017; 140 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1013.
- 17 Parikh K, Davis AB, Pavuluri P. Do we need this blood culture?. Hosp Pediatr 2014; 4: 78-84 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2013-0053.
- 18 Aabenhus R, Jensen JU, Jorgensen KJ. et al. Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010130.pub2.
- 19 Kreitmeyr K, von Both U, Pecar A. et al. Pediatric antibiotic stewardship: successful interventions to reduce broad-spectrum antibiotic use on general pediatric wards. Infection 2017; 45: 493-504 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1009-0.
- 20 Huebner J, Rack-Hoch AL, Pecar A. et al. [Pilot project of a pediatric antibiotic stewardship initiative at the Hauner childrenʼs hospital]. Klin Padiatr 2013; 225: 223-229 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349063.
- 21 Kalil J, Bowes J, Reddy D. et al. Pediatric Inpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Safely Reduces Antibiotic Use in Patients with Bronchiolitis Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Retrospective Chart Review. Pediatr Qual Saf 2019; 4: e211 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000211.
- 22 Metz J, Oehler P, Burggraf M. et al. Improvement of Guideline Adherence After the Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program in a Secondary Care Pediatric Hospital. Front Pediatr 2019; 7: 478 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00478.
- 23 Swingler GH, Hussey GD, Zwarenstein M. Randomised controlled trial of clinical outcome after chest radiograph in ambulatory acute lower-respiratory infection in children. Lancet 1998; 351: 404-408 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07013-X.
- 24 Viasus D, Vecino-Moreno M, De La Hoz JM. et al. Antibiotic stewardship in community-acquired pneumonia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15: 351-359 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1274232.
- 25 Gupta S, Lodha R, Kabra SK. Antimicrobial Therapy in Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2018; 20: 47 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-018-0653-6.
- 26 Lodha R, Randev S, Kabra SK. Oral Antibiotics for Community acquired Pneumonia with Chest indrawing in Children Aged Below Five Years: A Systematic Review. Indian Pediatr 2016; 53: 489-495 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-016-0878-0.
- 27 Bielicki JA, Barker CI, Saxena S. et al. Not too little, not too much: problems of selecting oral antibiotic dose for children. BMJ 2015; 351: h5447 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h5447.
- 28 Boztepe H, Ozdemir H, Karababa C. et al. Administration of oral medication by parents at home. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25: 3345-3353 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13460.
- 29 Yin HS, Parker RM, Sanders LM. et al. Liquid Medication Errors and Dosing Tools: A Randomized Controlled Experiment. Pediatrics 2016; 138 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0357.
- 30 Tersigni C, Venturini E, Montagnani C. et al. Antimicrobial stewardship in children: more shadows than lights?. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17: 871-876 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1686355.