Die Rolle des Mikrobioms bei urologischen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Der Einsatz moderner molekularer Technologien gab uns im letzten Jahrzehnt neue Einblicke in die komplexen Interaktionen des menschlichen Mikrobioms in Bezug auf Gesundheit und Krankheitsentstehung. Hierbei wurde unter anderem das Sterilitätskonzept des Harntrakts verworfen, sodass man sich nun als Ziel gesetzt hat, die verschiedenen mikrobiellen Signaturen zu identifizieren, die mit diversen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind. So stehen Dysbalancen des Mikrobioms zunehmend im Verdacht, negative Auswirkungen auf diverse maligne und benigne Krankheitsbilder zu verursachen. Kürzlich konnten solche Zusammenhänge auch für das Prostatakarzinom, Nierenzellkarzinom und Harnblasenkarzinom gezeigt werden. Das Ergebnis hiervon ist die Entdeckung potenziell neuer Biomarker zur Diagnostik und als Therapieziel der genannten Erkrankungen. Für die Diagnostik einiger benigner Krankheitsbilder wie der interstitiellen Zystitis, der Dranginkontinenz und der chronischen Prostatitis bzw. dem chronischen Beckenschmerzsyndrom galt eine mikrobielle Beteiligung bislang als Ausschlusskriterium. Jedoch zeigen auch hier die aktuellen Studien, dass das patientenindividuelle Mikrobiom durchaus Einfluss auf Entstehung und Ausprägung der jeweiligen Erkrankung haben kann.

Abstract

The use of modern molecular technologies in the last decade has given us new insights into the complex interactions of the human microbiome in health and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Among other things, the sterility concept of the urinary tract has been discarded and the goal is now to identify the different microbial signatures associated with various diseases. Dysbalances of the microbiome are increasingly suspected of causing negative effects on various malignant and benign diseases. Recently, such associations have also been shown for prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder carcinoma. This may lead to the discovery of new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and as a therapeutic target of the diseases mentioned. For the diagnosis of some benign diseases such as interstitial cystitis, urge incontinence and chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, microbial involvement was previously considered an exclusion criterion. However, current studies show that the individual patient's microbiome can have an influence on the development and severity of the respective disease.

Schlüsselwörter

Mikrobiom - Prostatakarzinom - Nierenzellkarzinom - Harnblasenkarzinom - Benigne Erkrankungen

Keywords

microbiome - prostate carcinoma - bladder carcinoma - renal cell carcinoma - benign diseases

Publication History

Article published online:
08 June 2021

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