Genesen, aber nicht gesund – Long Covid und die Auswirkungen auf die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit

Long Covid kann nicht mit einem klassischen Verlust der Kondition durch Trainingspause nach Infektionserkrankungen verglichen werden. Die Wiederaufnahme sportlicher Aktivitäten stellt hinsichtlich der Symptomatik der Betroffenen und den assoziierten Pathomechanismen spezielle Herausforderungen. Ein Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand.

• Literatur

• 1 Ambrosino P, Parrella P, Formisano R. et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise performance and endothelial function in convalescent Covid-19 patients. J Clin Medicine 2022; 11: 1452
• 2 Böning D, Kuebler WM, Bloch W. The oxygen dissociation curve of blood in Covid-19. Am J Physiology – Lung Cell Mol Physiology 2021; 321: L349-L357
• 3 Cattadori G, Marco SD, Baravelli M. et al. Exercise training in Post-Covid-19 patients: The need for a multifactorial protocol for a multifactorial pathophysiology. J Clin Medicine 2022; 11: 2228
• 4 Charfeddine S, Amor HIH, Jdidi J. et al. Long Covid 19 syndrome: Is it related to microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction? Insights from TUN-EndCOV study. Frontiers Cardiovasc Medicine 2021; 8: 745758
• 5 Cotler J, Holtzman C, Dudun C. et al. A brief questionnaire to assess Post-Exertional Malaise. Diagnostics 2018; 8: 66
• 6 Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J. et al. Long Covid – mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ 2021; 374: n1648
• 7 Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L. et al. Characterizing long Covid in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. Eclinicalmedicine 2021; 38: 101019
• 8 de Boer E, Petrache I, Goldstein NM. et al. Decreased fatty acid oxidation and altered lactate production during exercise in patients with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome. Am J Resp Crit Care 2021; 205: 126-129
• 9 Demeco A, Marotta N, Barletta M. et al. Rehabilitation of patients post-Covid-19 infection: A literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48: 0300060520948382
• 10 Desai AD, Lavelle M, Boursiquot BC. et al. Long-term complications of Covid-19. Am J Physiol-cell Ph 2022; 322: C1-C11
• 11 Grau M, Ibershoff L, Zacher J. et al. Even patients with mild Covid-19 symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection show prolonged altered red blood cell morphology and rheological parameters. J Cell Mol Med 2022;
• 12 Halle M, Bloch W, Niess AM. et al. Exercise and sports after Covid-19 – Guidance from a clinical perspective. Transl Sports Medicine 2021; 4: 310-318
• 13 Huang L, Yao Q, Gu X. et al. 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with Covid-19: A longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 2021; 398: 747-758
• 14 Hull JH, Wootten M, Moghal M. et al. Clinical patterns, recovery time and prolonged impact of Covid-19 illness in international athletes: The UK experience. Brit J Sport Med 2022; 56: 4-11
• 15 Iqbal FM, Lam K, Sounderajah V. et al. Characteristics and predictors of acute and chronic post-Covid syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eclinicalmedicine 2021; 36: 100899
• 16 Jimeno-Almazán A, Pallarés JG, Buendía-Romero Á. et al. Chronotropic incompetence in non-hospitalized patients with post-Covid-19 syndrome. J Clin Medicine 2021; 10: 5434
• 17 Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C. et al. More than 50 long-term effects of Covid-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep-uk 2021; 11: 16144
• 18 Motiejunaite J, Balagny P, Arnoult F. et al. Hyperventilation: A possible explanation for long-lasting exercise intolerance in mild Covid-19 survivors?. Front Physiol 2021; 11: 614590
• 19 Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A. et al. Post-acute Covid-19 syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27: 601-615
• 20 Paul BD, Lemle MD, Komaroff AL. et al. Redox imbalance links Covid-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Proc National Acad Sci 2021; 118: e2024358118
• 21 Petek BJ, Moulson N, Baggish AL. et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of persistent or exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3597 collegiate athletes: A study from the outcomes registry for cardiac conditions in athletes (ORCCA). Brit J Sport Med. 2021 bjsports-2021–104644
• 22 Puta C, Haunhorst S, Bloch W. et al. Post-akutes Covid-19 („long-Covid“): Andauernde Symptome, mögliche Ursachen und symptomgeleitetes post-akut Covid-19 Management zur Wiedererlangung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit (Scoping Review). Sports Orthop Traumatology 2021; 37: 214-225
• 23 Salmon D, Slama D, Broucker TD. et al. Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with persistent or resurgent forms of Covid-19: A cross-sectional study. J Infection 2020; 82: e1-e4
• 24 Singh I, Joseph P, Heerdt PM. et al. Persistent exertional intolerance after Covid-19: Insights from invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. J Chest 2021; 161: 54-63
• 25 Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC. et al. A clinical case definition of post-Covid-19 condition by a delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; S1473–3099: 00703-00709
• 26 Szekely Y, Lichter Y, Sadon S. et al. Cardiorespiratory abnormalities in patients recovering from Covid-19. J Am Soc Echocardiog 2021; 34: 1273-1284
• 27 Whitaker M, Elliott J, Chadeau-Hyam M. et al. Persistent Covid-19 symptoms in a community study of 606 434 people in England. Nat Commun 2022; 13: 1957
• 28 World Physiotherapy. World Physiotherapy response to Covid-19 Briefing Paper 9. Safe rehabilitation approaches for people living with long Covid: Physical activity and exercise. London, UK: World Physiotherapy; 2021