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Osteologie 2022; 31(03): 170-175
DOI: 10.1055/a-1916-8561
Review

Vegetarische und vegane Ernährung – Vor- und Nachteile für die Knochen

Vegetarian and Vegan Diet – Advantages or Disadvantages for the Bones
Katharina Kasch
1   Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
,
Hans-Christof Schober
2   Klinik für Innere Medizin, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
3   Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
,
Guido Schröder
4   Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Warnow-Klinik Bützow, Bützow, Germany
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Zusammenfassung

Auf fleischfreie Kost und Nahrungsmittel ohne tierische Produkte wird von einer wachsenden Zahl von Bürgern und Bürgerinnen zurückgegriffen. Damit einher gehen Veränderungen des Eiweiß- und Knochenstoffwechsels bei Betroffenen. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Kostformen und häufig auch des veränderten Lebensstils sind Aussagen zu Risiken die Knochen betreffend problematisch. Oft werden den fleischfreien Nahrungsmitteln bestimmte Nährstoffe und Mineralien zugesetzt. Eine antioxidative Wirkung der vegetarischen Kost ist für den Stoffwechsel wahrscheinlich und günstig. Studien zu Frakturen zeigen zumindest in einer großen Studie eine erhöhte Zahl von Brüchen bei veganer Ernährung. Risiken entstehen durch ein geringeres Gewicht und eine verminderte Kalzium- und Eiweißaufnahme. Menschen, die sich vegan ernähren, werden Krafttraining sowie Eiweiß- und Kalzium-Supplementierung empfohlen. Eine abschließende Bewertung dieser Kost- und Lebensformen im Hinblick auf das Risiko, eine Osteoporose zu entwickeln, ist derzeit problematisch und sollte mit Zurückhaltung getroffen werden.

Abstract

Meat-free diets and diets that avoid all animal products, are being followed by a growing number of people. This is accompanied by changes in protein and bone metabolism. Due to the wide variety of diets and the frequently coexisting lifestyle changes, it is difficult to make statements about the risks to bones. Missing nutrients and minerals are often added to the substitutes. It is likely that a vegetarian diet has an antioxidant effect and is beneficial for the metabolism. In general, fewer falls and fractures were found, although the results of one large study revealed an increased number of fractures among participants following a vegan diet. The risk differences are likely due to a lower BMI and a lower intake of calcium and protein. Therefore a recommendation for strength training and calcium and protein supplementation is indicated for individuals following a vegan diet. At present, it is difficult to conclusively evaluate these diets and lifestyles with regard to the risk of developing osteoporosis, and this should thus only attempted with great caution.

Schlüsselwörter

vegetarische - vegane Ernährung - Osteoporose - Frakturrisiko

Key words

vegetarian - vegan diet - osteoporosis - fracture risk


Publication History

Received: 15 May 2022

Accepted: 01 August 2022

Article published online:
08 September 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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