Introduction
Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease
associated with life-threatening complications. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an
acute complication of type 1 DM that has significant mortality mostly due to
cerebral edema. Other putative complications of DKA include hypokalemia,
hypophosphatemia, hypoglycemia, intracerebral and peripheral venous thrombosis,
rhabdomyolysis, acute pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury (AKI) (Murdoch IA et
al., Acta Paediatr 1993; 82:498–500).