Seltene primäre Kopfschmerzen

Primäre Kopfschmerzen werden in häufige und seltene Kopfschmerzsyndrome eingeteilt. Seltene primäre Kopfschmerzen treten in der Regel bei weniger 1% als der Bevölkerung auf. Die Diagnose eines primären Kopfschmerzes kann immer nur gestellt werden, wenn durch Diagnostik eine sekundäre Ursache ausgeschlossen werden kann.

Kernaussagen

• Seltene primäre Kopfschmerzen werden von den häufigen primären Kopfschmerzen wie Migräne, Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp und Clusterkopfschmerzen differenziert.

• Bei seltenen primären Kopfschmerzen muss grundsätzlich durch Zusatzdiagnostik eine sekundäre Ursache ausgeschlossen werden.

• Der Hustenkopfschmerz wird durch Husten, Pressen oder ein Valsalva-Manöver ausgelöst.

• Der primäre Anstrengungskopfschmerz wird durch körperliche Aktivität ausgelöst. Er kann erfolgreich mit Indometacin behandelt werden.

• Kopfschmerzen bei sexueller Aktivität können während sexueller Erregung oder während des Orgasmus auftreten.

• Bei den meisten Patienten mit Donnerschlagkopfschmerz handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um eine sekundäre Ursache. Bevor diese Diagnose als primärer Kopfschmerz gestellt wird, ist eine umfangreiche diagnostische Abklärung notwendig.

• Beim kältebedingten Kopfschmerz sollten kalte Speisen und Getränke vermieden werden.

• Der Kopfschmerz durch Einwirkung von Druck oder Zug auf den Kopf tritt als Folge einer anhaltenden Kompression oder Zug auf perikranielle Weichteile auf.

• Beim primär stechenden Kopfschmerz dauern die Kopfschmerzen meist nur einige Sekunden.

• Beim Münzkopfschmerz ist das schmerzhafte Areal in etwa so groß wie eine Münze.

• Der schlafgebundene Kopfschmerz spricht gut auf Koffein an.

• Der neu aufgetretene tägliche Kopfschmerz ist schwierig zu behandeln. Es gibt keine randomisierten placebokontrollierte Studien.

Schlüsselwörter

Kopfschmerzsyndrome - seltene Krankheiten - Schmerzmedizin - Hustenkopfschmerz - Anstrengungskopfschmerz

Publication History

Article published online:
05 June 2024

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