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DOI: 10.1055/a-2159-3984
Möglichkeiten der Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie
Methods of Voice Restoration following LaryngectomyIn Deutschland werden jährlich ca. zwischen 950 und 1200 Laryngektomien durchgeführt [1]. Die operative Entfernung des Kehlkopfs aufgrund ausgedehnter Hypopharynx- und Larynxkarzinome stellt die behandelnden Ärzte vor die umfassende Aufgabe, die damit einhergehenden Funktionsverluste, insbesondere die Stimmfunktion und den damit einhergehenden Verlust der Kommunikationsfähigkeit, in alltagsfähiger Weise wiederherzustellen.
Abstract
In Germany, approximately 950–1200 laryngectomies are performed annually due to extensive hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas. The removal of the larynx results in significant life changing functional losses, particularly in voice production and communication, resulting in psychological issues and social withdrawal. Rehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary team focusing on restoring communication skills. Methods include pseudowhispering, esophageal speech, external mechanical and electromechanical aids, and tracheoesophageal speech prostheses. Pseudowhispering uses air from the mouth and pharynx, while esophageal speech requires controlled release of esophageal air to produce sound. External aids include devices like the Electrolarynx. Tracheoesophageal speech prostheses, the current gold standard, offer superior phonation time and clarity but require frequent visits to the healthcare system to address complications due to the limited lifespan of the prosthesis. Despite high success rates with transoesophageal prostheses, some patients may face significant challenges. In conclusion, voice rehabilitation post-laryngectomy is crucial for social reintegration. Comprehensive patient education on the benefits and challenges of different methods is essential for making an informed decision tailored to their lifestyle.
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Die Schlüsselfunktion der Rehabilitation nach Laryngektomie liegt in der Wiederherstellung der Kommunikationsfähigkeit.
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Die Ösophagusstimme ist eine nichtinvasive, handfreie, jedoch sehr anspruchsvoll zu erlernende Ersatzstimme, welche große Beharrlichkeit und Ausdauer erfordert und nur bei einem Drittel der Patienten unter logopädischer Anleitung funktioniert.
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Der Elektrolarynx stellt eine kostengünstige Möglichkeit der Stimmrehabilitation dar, welche jedoch aufgrund der monotonen, mechanischen Stimme zu einer hohen Patientenunzufriedenheit führt und deshalb häufig die Methode der letzten Wahl darstellt.
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Die primäre Anlage einer transösophagealen Fistel zum Stimmprotheseneinsatz hat nur wenige absolute Kontraindikationen und bietet einen raschen Rehabilitationsbeginn.
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Eine offene Kommunikation mit dem Patienten über mögliche Komplikationen, wie pharyngoösophageale Spasmen, trans- und periprothetische Insuffizienzen sowie die begrenzte Lebensdauer der Stimmprothesen, sollte gewährleistet sein.
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Sind andere Gründe oder Komplikationen der Stimmprothese ausgeschlossen und eine erfolgreiche Stimmbildung weiterhin ausbleibend, kann ein fehlgeleiteter Luftstrom aufgrund anatomischer Varianten zugrunde liegen und eine individuell angefertigte, passgenaue Prothese das Problem beheben.
Schlüsselwörter
Laryngektomie - Stimmrehabilitation - transösophageale Stimmprothese - ProtheseninsuffizienzKeywords
laryngectomy - voice rehabilitation - transoesophageal voice prosthesis - prosthetic insufficiencyPublication History
Article published online:
02 December 2024
© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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