Schulabsentismus und Angststörungen

Viele Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland besuchen trotz Schulpflicht nicht regelmäßig die Schule. Manche von ihnen fehlen nur einzelne Schulstunden, andere hingegen bleiben ganze Tage, Monate oder bis hin zu einigen Jahren der Schule fern. Der Beitrag zeigt, wann Angststörungen Ursache für Schulabsentismus sein können, und wie dies therapeutisch behandelt werden kann.

Abstract

Many children and adolescents in Germany do not attend school regularly despite compulsory school attendance. Some of them only miss a few lessons, while others stay away from school for whole days, months or even years. The article shows how anxiety disorders can be the cause of school absenteeism and how this can be treated therapeutically.

Schlüsselwörter

Schulabsentismus - Angststörungen - Psychoedukation - Expositionstherapie - Erwartungsverletzung

Keywords

School absenteeism - anxiety disorders - psychoeducation - exposure therapy - expectancy violation

Publication History

Article published online:
29 March 2024

• Literatur

• 1 Kearney CA. School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: A contemporary review. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28: 451-471
• 2 Egger HL, Costello EJ, Angold A. School refusal and psychiatric disorders: A community study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 2003; 42: 797-807
• 3 Kearney CA, Albano AM. The functional profiles of school refusal behavior. Diagnostic aspects. Behav Modif 2004; 28: 147-161
• 4 World Healt. h Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. 1993
• 5 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing; Arlingon, VA, USA: 2013
• 6 Kearney CA, Gonzálvez C, Graczyk PA. et al. Reconciling contemporary approaches to school attendance and school absenteeism: Toward Promotion and nimble response, global policy review and implementation, and future adaptability (part 1). Front Psychol 2019; 10: 2222
• 7 Schreiber-Kittl M, Schröpfer H. Abgeschrieben?. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung über Schulverweigerer München: DJI. 2002
• 8 Pflug V, Schneider S. School absenteeism: An online survey via social networks. Child Psych Hum Dev 2016; 47: 417-429
• 9 Popp L, Neuschwander M, Mannstadt S. et al. Parent-child diagnostic agreement on anxiety symptoms with a structured diagnostic interview for mental disorders in children. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 1-12
• 10 Margraf J, Cwik JC, Pflug V. et al. Strukturierte klinische Interviews zur Erfassung psychischer Störungen über die Lebensspanne: Gütekriterien und Weiterentwicklungen der DIPS-Verfahren. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 2017; 46: 176-186
• 11 Brown AV, Clery E, Ferguson C. Estimating the prevalence of young people absent from school due to bullying. Natl Cent Soc Res. 2011
• 12 Wolke D. Bullying und psychische Gesundheit. In: Margraf J, Schneider S (eds.) Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie. 3. Aufl. Berlin: Springer; 2019: 979-995
• 13 Cartwright-Hatton S, McNicol K, Doubleday E. Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev 2006; 26: 817-833
• 14 Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS. et al. Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psych 2015; 56: 345-365
• 15 Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O. et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions. Arch Gen Psych 2005; 62: 593-602
• 16 Kossowsky J, Pfaltz MC, Schneider S. et al. The separation anxiety hypothesis of panic disorder revisited: A meta-analysis. Am J Psych 2013; 170: 768-781
• 17 Woodward LJ, Fergusson DM. Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 2001; 40: 1086-1093
• 18 Freud S. Analyse der Phobie eines fünfjährigen Knaben – Falldarstellung: Der kleine Hans. Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer; 1909
• 19 Cover Jones M. A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. Pedagog Semin J Genet Psychol 1924;
• 20 In-Albon T, Schneider S. Psychotherapy of childhood anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2007; 76: 15-24
• 21 James AC, James G, Cowdrey FA. et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Coch Data Syst Rev 2013;
• 22 Reynolds S, Wilson C, Austin J. et al. Effects of psychotherapy for anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2012; 32: 251-262
• 23 Silverman WK, Pina AA, Viswesvaran C. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2008; 37: 105-130
• 24 Schneider S, Pflug V. Behandlungsmanual „Kinder bewältigen Angst (KibA)“. Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Unveröffentl. Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit. 2016
• 25 Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am Psychol 1982; 37: 122-147
• 26 Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC. et al. Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther 2014; 58: 10-23
• 27 Mohr C, Schneider S. Zur Rolle der Exposition bei der Therapie von Angststörungen. Verhaltenstherapie 2015; 25: 32-39
• 28 Reissner V, Jost D, Krahn U. et al. The treatment of school avoidance in children and adolescents with psychiatric illness. Dt Aerztebl Online 2015; 112: 655-662