Isokinetische Krafttestung bei unterschiedlichen biomechanischen Anforderungen an die Rumpfkraft – Vergleich von militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung

Zusammenfassung

Anthropometrische Daten (Gewicht, Körpergröße, BMI, Taillenumfang und WHtR) und das männliche Geschlecht korrelieren positiv mit der Rumpfkraft, das Alter hingegen negativ.

Für Profisportler, bei denen keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der genannten anthropometrischen Daten vorliegen, gibt es bislang kaum Studien, die die isometrische Rumpfkraft im Sitzen in verschiedenen Sportarten untereinander quantitativ vergleichen.

Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung die Rumpfkraft hinsichtlich möglicher Unterschiede zu analysieren. Hierfür wurden militärische Fallschirmsprungsportler (n=28), militärische Fünfkämpfer (n=34) und Soldaten aus einem Skizug (Skitourengeher) (n=38) hinsichtlich der im Sitzen gemessenen isokinetischen Rumpfkraft verglichen. Neben der deskriptiven Statistik und Normalverteilungsanalyse von Anthropometrie und isokinetischen Messwerten wurden die isokinetischen Messwerte sowie die gewichtsadaptierten isokinetischen Messwerte der verschiedenen Sportlergruppen mittels ANOVA und Welch-ANOVA auf Unterschiede untersucht.

Es zeigte sich, dass die Skitourengeher signifikant größere Werte in der Flexion Peak Torque aufwiesen als die militärischen Fünfkämpfer und Fallschirmspringer. Auch gewichtsadaptiert waren die Werte signifikant größer gegenüber den Fünfkämpfern, aber nicht signifikant größer im Vergleich zu den Fallschirmspringern. Für die Extension Peak Torque zeigte sich, dass die militärischen Fünfkämpfer signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Skitourengehern und in der gewichtsadaptierten Analyse signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Fallschirmspringern aufwiesen. Diese Studie konnte zeigen, dass bei hochtrainierten Sportlern möglicherweise beanspruchungsinduziert signifikante Unterschiede in der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft auftreten.

Vor diesem Hintergrund könnten sportartspezifische quantitative Analysen der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft im Spitzensport genutzt werden, um gezielte Trainingsprogramme zum Ausgleich von Defiziten mit dem Ziel der Leistungssteigerung und Prävention zu entwickeln.

Abstract

It is known that anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference and WHtR) and male gender are positively correlated with greater core strength, while age is negatively correlated. For competitive athletes with no significant differences in the anthropometric data stated above, there have hardly been any studies in which isometric core strength in a seated position is quantitatively compared among athletes in different sports. This study aimed to analyse different sports in well-trained athletes using military competitive sports as an example with regard to possible differences in core strength. For this purpose, Parachuting (n=28), Military Pentathlon (n=34) and Ski Platoon (n=38) groups were compared with regard to isokinetic core strength using dynamometry in seated position. In addition to the comparison of anthropometry and isokinetic results with descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Welch-ANOVA were used to compare the means of absolute and weight-adjusted core strength. It was shown that the Ski Platoon group had significantly higher flexion peak torque values than the Military Pentathlon and Parachuting groups. Even when adjusted for weight, the values were significantly higher than those measured in the Military Pentathlon group but not significantly higher than those in the Parachuting group. For extension peak torque, it was found that the Military Pentathlon group had significantly lower values than the Ski Platoon group and, in the weight-adjusted analysis, significantly lower values than the Parachuters. Using the example of competitive military sports, this study was able to show that there are significant differences in isokinetic core strength even among professional competitive athletes.

This knowledge should be used to carry out detailed quantitative analyses of core strength, even in well-trained professional athletes, to find applications for prevention or to coordinate compensating exercises.

Schlüsselwörter

isokinetische Rumpfkraft - Militärsport - Leistungssport - Fallschirmspringen - militärischer Fünfkampf - Skitourengehen

Keywords

Isokinetic core strength - military sport - competitive sport - parachuting - military pentathlon - ski platoon

Publication History

Received: 14 February 2024

Accepted: 12 May 2024

Article published online:
16 August 2024

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